Enhancing Database Write Performance with the Write Operation Pushdown Framework

Abstract

While ByteDance's database infrastructure continues to serve bursty user traffic, emerging large-scale interactive applications generate increasingly write-intensive workloads spanning all stages of the data lifecycle. In production environments, we observe that these workloads are consistently bottlenecked by a common write-path inefficiency rooted in cache-miss-induced remote page fetches. In compute-storage disaggregated architectures, such remote page accesses introduce substantial I/O latency that dominates write performance. To address this bottleneck, we propose Write Operation Pushdown (WOP), a framework that eliminates Fetch-Before-Write (FBW) from the write path by pushing eligible writes to the storage layer for asynchronous execution. WOP leverages the redo-flush path to push down write operations and enhances the storage layer for semantic-aware execution. WOP supports high pushdown capacity with minimal memory footprint through Lightweight Metadata Tracking. WOP preserves correctness and consistency in distributed deployments via carefully designed mechanisms. To prevent read stalls introduced by asynchronous execution, WOP integrates a Fetch-After-Write (FAW) optimization with localized, on-demand replay. Across production workloads, WOP achieves up to 3.33× throughput improvement. On synthetic benchmarks, WOP improves throughput by up to 6.7× and reduces average latency by up to 85.2%. These results show that WOP significantly enhances write efficiency in industrial-scale workloads while preserving correctness in disaggregated deployments.