Unravelling autism: A holistic review of diagnosis, management, strength and future directions

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological state that is marked by difficulties skills and interactions, alongside iterative behaviours and limiting interests. ASD affects around one in the US; one out of every 54 children have a diagnosis. usually coming in early infancy following full assessments by multidisciplinary teams. ASD symptoms vary greatly and are typically shown in two areas: social communication problems and repetitive behaviour. While the actual origins of ASD are unknown, evidence indicates a mix of genetic predispositions and environmental variables. Early intervention with occupational therapy, speech and language therapy and behavioural therapies and support for education is essential for better outcomes. Recent advancements in genetic research, neuroimaging and the growth of innovative ways to treat show promise for improving the understanding and management of ASD. This review seeks to present a complete picture of ASD, including its symptoms, causes and current and developing therapy. It also stresses the need for continued research and raising awareness to help those affected and their families.