Professional Competencies in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The development of professional competencies is an essential component in the education of nursing students due to the growing demands of health systems. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the scientific evidence on professional competencies, the educational strategies used for their development, and the factors that favor or limit their consolidation. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines through searches in international databases and the application of previously established eligibility criteria. The studies analyzed show that clinical simulation, supervised practice, continuous feedback, and reflective learning strengthen clinical, communicative, ethical, and critical reasoning competencies. In addition, the quality of the clinical environment, teacher mentoring, and professional identity significantly influence competency development. It is concluded that competency-based education requires comprehensive pedagogical strategies and educational contexts that promote meaningful learning.