Unlocking the nutraceutical wealth of bamboo shoots

Abstract

The presence of bamboo, a perennial grass belonging to the Poaceae family, has been recorded from all the climatic regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. The various uses of bamboo have already been established, including construction, furniture, handicraft, biofuel paper, and pulp, among others. In addition, bamboo shoots are increasingly recognized as a functional food and a nutraceutical, offering a unique combination of biologically active compounds that synergize to human health and disease prevention. Shoots have been reported to contain fewer calories and fats while being rich in nutritional components, making them the preferred ingredient for balanced diets, especially for cardiovascular health and weight management. The nutraceutical properties of bamboo shoots are contributed by phenolics and flavonoids, which reduce oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. The high fiber content helps in lowering cholesterol levels, while phytosterols help specifically in reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Lignins and polyphenolics have been reported to exhibit chemopreventive effects by inducing apoptosis, thus inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. The digestive fibers in bamboo shoots have been reported to enhance gut motility, maintain metabolic health, and help in controlling weight. The polysaccharides in bamboo shoots have been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways, leading to alterations in immune response and benefiting autoimmune conditions. Their diverse phytochemical properties have increased the nutraceutical potential of bamboo shoots, leading to their increased utilization in the food industry. Diversified products including pickles, canned shoots, fermented products, powders, and extracts are available in the market as functional foods, dietary supplements, and traditional medicine formulations. With increasing consumer demand for natural and plant-based nutraceuticals, bamboo shoots hold significant potential for future applications in the food and wellness industries. The present work provides a comprehensive outlook of the possibilities of bamboo shoots in nutrition and health.