Emerging Insights into Plant Viruses Affecting Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea): A Review

Abstract

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), a hardy legume renowned for its exceptional drought tolerance and high nutritional value, faces significant challenges from pathogenic viral diseases despite its resilience. Predominantly from the Potyviridae, Geminiviridae, and Secoviridae families, these plant-infecting viruses cause mosaic symptoms and stunted growth in Bambara groundnut, resulting in substantial yield losses and reduced seed quality. Although this crop offers great promise for food security, research on the epidemiology and management of these viral infections remains notably limited. This review provides an overview of viruses known to infect Bambara groundnut, covering their biology, symptomatology, transmission pathways, detection methods, potential threats, and current control strategies. Urgent research into and the development of virus-resistant cultivars are essential to ensure the sustainable production of this underutilized crop.