Building Primary Teachers’ Capacity for Tanzania’s 2023 Curriculum Reform: A Rapid Scoping Review of Teacher Preparedness, Continuous Professional Development, and Implementation Realities

Abstract

Background: In 2023, the United Republic of Tanzania initiated a landmark structural overhaul of its Basic Education Curriculum Framework, transitioning primary education toward a competency-based, 1-6-4-2/1-6-4-3 structure. This reform prioritizes foundational literacy and numeracy, digital competencies, vocational orientations, and learner-centered pedagogical approaches. The successful translation of these policy ambitions into classroom realities depends fundamentally on primary school teachers' preparedness and continuous professional growth.