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The Measures with 𝐿²-Bounded Riesz Transform and the Painlevé Problem

Jul 2026 · Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society · 0 citations · 32 references

Abstract

<p> In this work we provide a geometric characterization of the measures <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="mu"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper R Superscript n plus 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {R}^{n+1}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with polynomial upper growth of degree <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -dimensional Riesz transform <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper R mu left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals integral StartFraction x minus y Over StartAbsoluteValue x minus y EndAbsoluteValue Superscript n plus 1 Baseline EndFraction d mu left-parenthesis y right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ∫ </mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {R}\mu (x) = \int \frac {x-y}{|x-y|^{n+1}}\,d\mu (y)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> belongs to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L squared left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L^2(\mu )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . More precisely, it is shown that <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar script upper R mu double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L squared left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis Superscript 2 Baseline plus double-vertical-bar mu double-vertical-bar almost-equals integral integral Subscript 0 Superscript normal infinity Baseline beta Subscript 2 comma mu Baseline left-parenthesis x comma r right-parenthesis squared StartFraction mu left-parenthesis upper B left-parenthesis x comma r right-parenthesis right-parenthesis Over r Superscript n Baseline EndFraction StartFraction d r Over r EndFraction d mu left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis plus double-vertical-bar mu double-vertical-bar comma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false"> ‖ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false"> ‖ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false"> ‖ </mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false"> ‖ </mml:mo> <mml:mo> ≈

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