Psychological Well-Being and Digital Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to explore how the use of digital technology affects individual’s psychological well-being focusing on negative experience of its use. Psychological well-being refers to a complex and multi-dimensional concept that captures an individual's overall sense of happiness, emotional and mental health, and satisfaction with life. According to the World Health Organization (2004), Psychological well-being is when individuals acknowledge their strengths, manage daily stress, and contribute meaningfully to society. In 2026, the average Indian young adult spends 7.3 hours daily on screens, yet global reports show it is overall declining the individual’s psychological well-being.  Digital technology are negative effects on our relationships, academic performance, work, daily routine activities and it also includes traumatic experiences from being exposed to inappropriate or explicit content, development of sleep problems, attention and cognitive difficulties and other mental health problems. While, the potential negative effects should not be underestimated, several factors can moderate harmful developmental outcomes associated with digital media use.  Flagging a mental health crisis, the Government's Economic Survey advised introducing age-based restrictions on social media to curb excessive screen time among youths. This study highlights that digital technology is the key to using technology in healthy ways and protecting psychological well-being and fostering balanced use of technology. Keywords:  Psychological well-being, Digital technology, Mental well being