Generative Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing: Exploring Applications and Implications

Abstract

This study systematically investigates the transformative role of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the manufacturing sector, focusing on its integration within the paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Through a systematic literature review and qualitative synthesis of 22 peer-reviewed articles published between 2023 and 2025, we identify and categorise 19 second-order themes that capture the breadth of GenAI applications and their implications in manufacturing. These themes are further consolidated into 11 aggregate dimensions, which serve as foundational categories for understanding the multifaceted impact of GenAI across operational, technical, organisational, and strategic domains. Our analysis reveals 13 key application areas, each mapped to the aggregate dimensions, to illustrate the depth and diversity of GenAI’s influence. Furthermore, we delineate six principal implication areas, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges associated with GenAI adoption. By clarifying the interconnections between applications, dimensions, and implications, this study provides an integrative framework that promotes theoretical understanding and offers practical guidance for managers and policymakers aiming to leverage GenAI for sustainable and responsible manufacturing transformation.