Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Global Diplomacy and Sustainable Global Governance: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI), as a key component of contemporary digital technologies, has emerged as a transformative technology across various sectors, including international relations and diplomacy. As AI technologies continue to evolve within the broader digital transformation of international affairs, they are increasingly influencing diplomatic activities and shaping how governments and international organizations respond to global challenges. This study addresses the following research question: “How does AI shape global diplomacy, and what are its implications for global governance and sustainable development?” To answer this question, the study employs a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review of peer-reviewed studies. The findings suggest that AI enhances diplomatic processes by supporting data-driven decision-making, improving negotiation strategies through predictive analytics, and strengthening crisis response capabilities. However, significant challenges remain, including algorithmic bias, cybersecurity threats, ethical concerns, and the limitations of AI in replicating the human judgment and cultural sensitivity that are essential to effective diplomacy. The review further indicates that responsible AI integration requires appropriate governance frameworks, international cooperation, and continued human oversight. By synthesizing the existing literature, this study contributes to a broader understanding of AI’s evolving role within the digital transformation of global diplomacy and its implications for global governance and sustainable international cooperation.