Constructing a Personalized Learning Path Recommendation Model Based on Federated Learning

Abstract

To address the conflict between model generalization and personalized recommendation in distributed educational environments, this paper constructs a personalized learning path recommendation model based on federated learning. Such privacy-preserving collaborative learning frameworks are also valuable for intelligent information processing and distributed decision-making in modern electromagnetic communication and edge computing systems, where data sharing is often restricted. The proposed model employs a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-Transformer hybrid encoder that combines knowledge graphs with learning behavior sequences to accurately capture knowledge transfer relationships. A dynamic knowledge distillation aggregation strategy is introduced to generate soft labels from the global model for guiding local optimization, thereby preserving personalized characteristics while improving semantic consistency. Furthermore, an adaptive aggregation mechanism based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence dynamically adjusts client weights to enhance robustness under heterogeneous data distributions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves excellent recommendation accuracy (average Hit@5 of 0.676 ± 0.009), sequence consistency (average NDCG@10 of 0.712 ± 0.008), and personalized responsiveness (average personalized score difference rate of 0. 38). The framework effectively balances global generalization and local adaptation while maintaining privacy protection, providing a feasible solution for secure and intelligent recommendation in distributed learning environments and offering technical insights for collaborative intelligence in privacy-sensitive electromagnetic information systems.