Competencies for online teaching assistants: Integrating technology, pedagogy, and communication skills

Abstract

The integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in higher education has transformed e-learning, however, challenges such as low course completion rates, limited learner engagement, and insufficient interaction persist. This study aims to develop a competency-based framework for teaching assistants (TAs) in fully online universities, focusing on their role in facilitating engagement and interaction within Learning Management Systems (LMS). Grounded in a constructivist and interpretivist paradigm, the study employed the Delphi method with 15 experienced TAs and 7 faculty members. Data analysis, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, Social Interaction Theory, and Connectivism Learning Theory, revealed four main themes: technical-professional competencies, information and communication competencies, classroom management and teaching skills, and individual and general competencies, with 12 sub-themes. The framework emphasizes subject matter expertise, research skills, teaching skills, ICT thinking, knowledge, and skills, communication and collaboration, managing student behavior, strategic insight and intuition, creativity and innovation, and ethical and moral competencies. The study contributes to the understanding of the complex roles of TAs in digital education and provides actionable insights for optimizing their training and utilization in e-learning environments, ultimately enhancing the quality and accessibility of online education.