Navigating AI in clinical practice: A practical guide for physicians.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is rapidly entering clinical practice, yet many physicians-especially those in solo or small-group settings-lack the guidance and evaluation resources needed to use these tools safely. Because state medical boards regulate physicians rather than AI developers, clinicians remain fully accountable when AI‑assisted care contributes to patient harm. This article outlines the risks posed by opaque algorithms, hallucinated outputs, omissions, and inequitable model performance, while emphasizing that AI should augment-not replace-clinical judgment. Drawing on recent research and the Federation of State Medical Boards' 2024 guidance, the article clarifies professional responsibilities related to competence, documentation, informed consent, privacy, and bias mitigation. A practical toolkit offers actionable steps for evaluating AI tools, establishing verification protocols, monitoring performance, and ensuring transparency with patients. The article concludes that responsible physician engagement is essential to realizing AI's benefits while preserving patient safety, professional accountability, and equitable care.