Detoxification of 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside by laccase Lac-W with acetosyringone.

Abstract

Modified mycotoxins are structurally altered derivatives of their parent mycotoxins. They are commonly co-occurring with the parent mycotoxins in foods and feeds, posing a potential risk to food safety. Therefore, effective strategies for their control are of great significance; however, no relevant studies have been reported to date. In this study, we reported a green and efficient bioremediation strategy targeting three representative modified mycotoxins, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G). A laccase mediator system, Lac-W-acetosyringone (Lac-W-AS), was constructed to achieve effective degradation of these mycotoxins. After optimization of reaction conditions (pH 7.0, 40°C, 2 U/mL Lac-W, 0.5 mM AS and 36 hours), the degradation rates of 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and D3G reached 97.8 %, 93.2 %, and 88.5 %, respectively. Cell viability assays using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) confirmed that the Lac-W-AS significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of all three mycotoxins, demonstrating effective detoxification. Furthermore, high-resolution mass spectrometry identified a degradation product of 3-ADON, and structural analysis of the product suggested that the detoxification mechanism of Lac-W-AS likely proceeded via a free radical-mediated pathway. This study provides a successful demonstration of simultaneous and efficient detoxification of three modified mycotoxins.