To Assess Hematological and Coagulation Functions in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Neonates

Abstract

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of neonatal encephalopathy caused by systemic hypoxemia and/or reduced cerebral blood flow resulting from an acute peripartum or intrapartum asphyxia event. It is a condition that can cause significant mortality and long-term morbidity. Coagulopathy is one of the many consequences of compromised oxygen after perinatal asphyxia. International normalized ratio (INR) > 1.5, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) > 50 seconds, prothrombin time (PT) >20s are used to evaluate coagulopathy in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates. A hematological system abnormality (20% each) is associated with perinatal asphyxia. Objective: To assess hematological and Coagulation function in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi over a period of 2years from July 2021 to June 2023. The study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Rajshahi Medical College and consent from the guardian of patients. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, a total number of 70 neonates with HIE stage II and III were included in this study. Data were collected and analyzed by using the ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, 24-version). A chi-square test was used to see the relationship of organ dysfunctions between stage II and stage III hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates. Results: Out of 70 hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates, 55.70% neonates had stage-II and 44.30% had stage-III hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Mean age of the neonates was 10.81±8.08 hours, about 68.60% were male and 31.40% were female. Most of the neonates 71.43% had pulmonary dysfunction, 57.10% had cardiovascular dysfunction. Conclusion: Awareness of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy risk factors can help parents and medical personnel to prevent and prepare for possible complications.