Unique contributions of acoustic and cognitive factors to spatial release from masking

Abstract

Spatial Release from Masking (SRM) refers to the improvement in speech intelligibility that occurs when target and masker sounds are spatially separated. While traditionally attributed to acoustic cues, such as interaural time and level differences, growing evidence indicates that non-acoustic factors also shape the magnitude of SRM. This study quantifies the relative contributions of acoustic cue sensitivity and cognitive abilities on SRM using behavioral speech-in-noise tasks paired with a comprehensive cognitive battery. Cognitive factors were assessed using the Trail Making Task (attention shifting and processing speed), Flanker Task (inhibitory control), Stroop Task (interference resolution), and a working memory task. Results show that acoustic cues robustly support SRM in predominantly energetic masking conditions; however, under informational masking, individual differences in cognitive performance significantly modulate SRM magnitude. Individuals with stronger inhibitory control, faster attentional switching, and higher selective auditory attentional capacity demonstrated greater SRM, even with identical acoustic cues. These findings highlight SRM as a joint outcome of peripheral auditory processing and central cognitive mechanisms. Understanding how these factors interact has implications for hearing-aid processing strategies, assessment of hearing impairment, and the design of spatial audio systems that better support real-world communication.