Factors influencing the practice of breast self-examination among female tertiary students in the Tamale Metropolis

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Ghana, with many cases detected at advanced stages due to limited screening options. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a low-cost and practical method for early detection. This study aimed to assess factors influencing the practice of BSE among female tertiary students in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 486 female students selected from three tertiary institutions. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice of BSE. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including logistic regression, were used for analysis. Results: Among participants, 95.1% had heard of BSE, and 95.3% considered it important for detecting breast cancer. Overall, 70.8% demonstrated good knowledge, while 63% reported good practice. Monthly practice was reported by 39.3%, and 54.9% performed BSE after menstruation. Lumps were the most commonly checked sign (86.8%), and 86.4% indicated they would consult a health professional if abnormalities were detected. Students with good knowledge were nearly five times more likely to practice effectively (AOR=4.88, 95% CI: 2.84-8.38, p<0.001). Conclusions: The study revealed high knowledge but moderate practice of BSE among tertiary students. Enhancing structured health education within tertiary institutions could strengthen regular practice and improve early detection of breast cancer.