Iran’s Criminal Policy Toward Customs Crimes and Offenses

Abstract

This article examines Iran’s criminal policy regarding customs crimes and offenses. The country’s criminal policies in this area have undergone significant transformations over the years, influenced by economic, social, and international developments. One of the main objectives of this study is to analyze the existing laws in this field, including the Law on Combating Smuggling of Goods and Foreign Exchange (2013) and the Customs Affairs Law (2011), as well as to identify their implementation challenges and obstacles. Using a library-based and descriptive–analytical method, this study analyzes the relevant laws and policies aimed at combating goods smuggling and customs violations, and ultimately assesses the performance of the institutions involved in this domain. The findings indicate that, despite the enactment of multiple laws and legal reforms intended to counter smuggling and customs offenses, significant challenges persist in enforcement and supervision. These challenges primarily arise from the lack of coordination among various institutions, the ambiguity in distinguishing between customs violations and crimes, and the administrative complexities associated with precise implementation of the law. Moreover, the imposition of severe penalties without adequate consideration of the specific characteristics of each offense or crime has, in some cases, resulted in adverse economic and social consequences. Finally, this article emphasizes the necessity of legislative and administrative reforms to enhance the efficiency of Iran’s criminal policy in addressing customs-related crimes.