Optimal Scheduling of Microgrids for Intelligent Ships Based on Multi-Objective Coordination for Compliance with Carbon Emission Reduction Standards

Abstract

The decarbonization of maritime transportation requires shipboard energy systems to coordinate conventional generators, renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and thermal energy units under voyage-dependent operating constraints. This paper develops a configurable hybrid multienergy ship system for coordinated electrical and thermal energy scheduling. The proposed framework functionally separates the propulsion subsystem from the service and thermal subsystem while retaining system-level coordination among photovoltaic generation, wind generation, diesel generators, micro gas turbines, energy storage batteries, and thermal energy units. A convolutional neural network is employed to provide short-term photovoltaic power forecasts for day-ahead scheduling. The resulting scheduling problem simultaneously considers voyage completion, power balance, equipment operating limits, ramp-rate constraints, battery charging and discharging restrictions, operating costs, and pollutant emission treatment costs. The nonlinear operating logic is reformulated as a mixed-integer optimization problem and solved using CPLEX. A representative coastal voyage case study is used to evaluate the proposed framework. The results demonstrate that the method can coordinate multiple shipboard energy sources, satisfy the prescribed electrical and thermal demands, and provide a set of Pareto-optimal solutions describing the trade-off between operating cost and emission-related cost. The proposed framework provides a system-level scheduling approach for supporting the economic and low-carbon operation of hybrid multienergy ships under increasingly stringent maritime emission reduction requirements.