Construction and practice of a multi-station Chinese medicine specialist nurse training system based on core competencies: a Delphi study

Abstract

Background With the increasing global recognition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the standardized training of TCM specialist nurses remains challenging due to the lack of competency-based training frameworks that effectively integrate theoretical education with clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a competency-based multi-station training system for TCM specialist nurses. Methods A preliminary training framework was developed based on literature review, expert discussions, and the core competency framework of TCM specialist nurses. A three-round Delphi consultation involving 21 experts was conducted to refine the indicators, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine indicator weights. The effectiveness of the training system was evaluated among 40 trainees through pre- and post-training assessments of core competencies and satisfaction. Results The Delphi consultation showed high expert authority and consensus, with authority coefficients ranging from 0.90 to 0.92. The final system comprised 6 primary indicators, 23 secondary indicators, and 122 tertiary indicators, with satisfactory consistency of indicator weights (CR < 0.10). After training, trainees demonstrated significant improvements in core competencies across multiple domains, including professional knowledge, clinical practice, management, innovation, teaching, communication, and ethical literacy (P < 0.05). High satisfaction with the training system was also reported. Conclusion The competency-based multi-station training system provides a structured and practical approach for cultivating TCM specialist nurses. By integrating theoretical learning, clinical practice, and competency assessment, this model may contribute to the standardization of TCM nursing education and enhance nursing quality.