RILEM TC 306-CFR: Concrete Fire Spalling Database

Abstract

This open-access database compiles experimental and industrial data on fire-induced concrete spalling collected and systematized within RILEM TC 306-CFR. The database provides structured information on concrete composition and material properties, specimen characteristics, testing history, fire exposure and loading conditions, instrumentation, and spalling outcomes. The data are organized in a consistent format, with each row representing an individual fire test specimen and columns describing the corresponding test parameters and results. The database is provided in CSV format to enable easy access, filtering, and reuse of the collected data. About repository: Go to GitHub repository Introduction This open-access database collects experimental and industrial data on fire-induced concrete spalling, gathered and systematized by the RILEM TC-306 CFR ("Concrete during Fire - Reassessment of the framework") working group [1]. The database: Organizes results from literature into a consistent, reusable format Follows RILEM recommendations for experimental procedures [2,3] Facilitates comparative studies and statistical analysis Does not provide predictive models but supports research and evidence-based conclusions Purpose This database serves as a comprehensive repository of fire-induced concrete spalling data by: Ensuring reliability and comparability across diverse sources Prioritizing raw experimental data for transparency Reducing systematic bias through standardized collection protocols Enabling transparent reuse of experimental results for research, industry, and regulatory applications Scope The database encompasses the following categories of parameters: Concrete composition: Binders, aggregates, admixtures, fibres Material properties: Strength, density, permeability, moisture content Specimen characteristics: Geometry, reinforcement, scale classification Testing history: Curing conditions, storage, pre-test preparation Fire exposure: Heating apparatus, temperature profile, loading conditions Instrumentation: Temperature sensors, pressure transducers, cameras, strain measurements Spalling outcomes: Occurrence, timing of first/last event, extent, depth, volume, mass loss Supplementary data Post-spalling photographs of selected specimens A supplementary ZIP archive containing photographs of selected specimens is provided together with this dataset. The last column of the database contains the photograph identifier. This identifier corresponds directly to the filename of the associated image in the supplementary archive, enabling users to retrieve photographs related to a given test specimen. The photographs are intended as additional supporting material and may assist in the interpretation and verification of specimen characteristics and observed spalling phenomena. Photographic documentation is available only for specimens for which suitable image records could be obtained from the original sources and therefore does not necessarily cover all specimens included in the database. Data Access File format: CSV (Comma-Separated Values) Contents: The database includes structured parameters organized in columns, enabling: Easy import into statistical analysis software (R, Python, Excel, SPSS, etc.) Direct visualization and charting Filtering and sorting by any parameter Integration with spreadsheet applications Data structure: Each row represents a single fire test specimen, with columns corresponding to the parameters listed in the Scope section above. Main Contributors The work has been carried out within RILEM TC 306-CFR. The following contribution statement provides an overview of the work carried out by the authors: Katarzyna MRÓZ, Cracow University of Technology, Poland: Conceptualisation (lead), Formal analysis, Methodology (lead), Supervision, Investigation, Data entry, Writing – original draft and Writing – review & editing. Patrick BISCHOF, DSE systems AG, Switzerland: Conceptualisation (lead), Formal analysis, Methodology (lead), Supervision, Investigation, Data entry, Writing – original draft and Writing – review & editing. Stefanie von GREVE-DIERFELD, TFB AG, Switzerland: Conceptualisation (lead), Formal analysis, Methodology (lead), Data entry, Writing – review & editing. Cristian MALUK, Semper, United Kingdom: Conceptualisation (lead), Methodology (lead), Data entry, Supervision (lead), Writing – review & editing. Reza M. FIROUZ, University of Lisbon, Portugal: Formal analysis, Investigation, Data entry. Sanket RAWAT, Western Sydney University, Australia: Formal analysis, Investigation, Data entry. Pierre PIMIENTA, CSTB, France: Investigation, Data review. Bruno FERNANDES, CERIB, France: Data review. Citation rules When using this database in your research, publications, or projects, please provide proper attribution according to the CC BY 4.0 license. This requires you to: Acknowledge the creators: Cite the database and acknowledge the RILEM TC 306-CFR working group and its contributors. Include the appropriate version reference: Always reference the specific version of the database you have used, available through the Zenodo DOI. Provide the license information: Indicate that the database is licensed under CC BY 4.0. How to find the correct reference: Visit the Zenodo repository and search for "Concrete Fire Spalling Database" Each version of the database has a unique DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Use the DOI for the specific version you accessed Example citation format: Mróz, K., Bischof, P., von Greve-Dierfeld, S., Maluk, C., Mohammadi Firouz, R., & Rawat, S. (2026). RILEM TC 306-CFR Concrete Fire Spalling Database [v1.0.3.] [Data set] Zenodo. https://doi.org/zenodo.19368480. CC BY 4.0. References [1] https://www.rilem.net/groupe/306-cfr-concrete-during-fire-reassessment-of-the-framework-440 [2] Pimienta, P., McNamee, R., Hager, I., Mróz, K., Boström, L., Mohaine, S., et al., Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on the method of testing concrete spalling due to fire: material screening test, Mater. Struct. 56 (2023) 164. [3] Pimienta, P., McNamee, R., Robert, F., Boström, L., Huang, S.-S., Mróz, K., et al., Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on fire spalling assessment during standardised fire resistance tests: complementary guidance and requirements, Mater. Struct. 57 (2024) 3.