Random Cap: Optimal Informationally Robust Delegation

Abstract

Are simple delegation rules optimal under ambiguity? We study delegation when the principal knows the mean, but not the distribution, of the agent's private information. In a parsimonious quadratic constant-bias environment, the robustly optimal randomized mechanism is a random cap: the principal draws and reveals an upper bound, below which the agent chooses freely. Randomization strictly outperforms every deterministic cap by hedging against cap-specific worst-case distributions. We characterize random caps through a nondecreasing and concave expected-action rule and construct the solution using a saddle-point approach. The worst-case distribution features an exponential survival function over its continuous region and an atom at the upper endpoint. Under regularity conditions, the result extends to convex-order ambiguity. Moreover, when the mean is below the agent's bias, an optimum can be implemented by supplementing the random cap with an incentive-neutral outcome lottery, while pure random caps are strictly suboptimal.