The strong coupling among guidance laws, control loops, aerodynamics, and mission constraints poses growing challenges to the design of modern tactical missile guidance systems for autonomous flight. Conventional manual tuning and simulation-based trial-and-error result in long iteration cycles, limited reuse of design knowledge, and poor adaptability to changing scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose GSMultiAgent, a multi-agent collaborative cascade framework built atop Hermes Agent, which transforms natural-language mission requirements into optimized guidance system models through structured agent cooperation with feedback-driven iterative refinement. Three innovations are introduced: (1) a three-layer correction pipeline covering syntactic checking, deterministic mathematical verification, and semantic reasoning; (2) a bimodal experience repository supporting similarity-guided retrieval with access-count decay and best-quality retrieval for PPO warm-start initialization; and (3) a self-adjudicating optimizer that autonomously decides between PPO-based systematic parameter search and heuristic LLM-tuning guided by a reflection agent. Across four engagement scenarios, GSMultiAgent consistently attains high feasibility at a small fraction of the simulation budget required by conventional optimizers and single-agent baselines, and its design paths escalate autonomously from parameter tuning to structural law modification as task difficulty increases. Ablation studies confirm that the reflection agent, the optimization agent, and structured memory each contribute essential and complementary gains. These results establish multi-agent coordination with structured memory and self-adjudicating optimization as an effective paradigm for intelligent, reusable guidance system design.
The results are packaged in the Greenfield Startup Model (GSM), which explains the priority of startups to release the product as quickly as possible, and the need to shorten time-to-market, by speeding up the development through low-precision engineering activities.
Carmine Giardino, Nicolò Paternoster, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· IEEE Transactions on Softwar...· 178 citations· ⚡14
Software startup companies develop innovative, software-intensive products within limited timeframes and with few resources, searching for sustainable and scalable business models.
M. Unterkalmsteiner, P. Abrahamsson, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· e-Informatica Software Engin...· 157 citations· ⚡17
This study conducts a case survey study based on the secondary data of the major pivots happened in 49 software startups, and demonstrates that customer need pivot is the most common among all pivot types.
Sohaib Shahid Bajwa, Xiaofeng Wang, Anh Nguyen-Duc et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 127 citations· ⚡15
The comparison of adopter and non-adopter sample reveals three potential adoption inhibitor, security, data privacy, and portability, which underlines the importance of the technical and security perspectives for research investigating the adoption of technology.
Nattakarn Phaphoom, Xiaofeng Wang, S. Samuel et al.· Journal of Systems and Softw...· 111 citations· ⚡8
This study investigates how Lean internal startup facilitates software product innovation in large companies and identifies its enablers and inhibitors, and shows the potential of the method-in-action framework to investigate the Lean startup approach in non-startup context.
Henry Edison, Nina M. Smørsgård, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· Journal of Systems and Softw...· 78 citations· ⚡6
The application of agile software methods and more recently the integration of Lean practices contribute to the trend of continuous improvement in the software industry. One such area warranting proper empirical evidence is a project’s operational efficiency when using the Kanban method. This short paper takes a new angle and explores waste in the Kanban-driven software development project context. A preliminary research model is presented for helping the consequent replication of the study. The results from the empirical analysis suggest Kanban can be an effective method in visualizing and organizing the current work, but does not prevent waste from creeping in, although the overall project outcome may be successful.
Marko Ikonen, Petri Kettunen, Nilay V. Oza et al.· EUROMICRO Conference on Soft...· 67 citations· ⚡9
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