Aug 2026· Journal of Neuroimmunology· Vol 421, pp.
579071
· 0 citations· 21 references
Medicine
TL;DR
It is suggested that complement inhibition may facilitate rapid neurological recovery and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for selected patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a potentially severe autoimmune encephalitis that may rapidly progress to critical illness. We report a young patient with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis complicated by seizures, psychiatric symptoms, behavioral disturbance, dyskinesia, and dysautonomia. Despite first-line immunotherapy with intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient remained severely disabled. Peripheral blood analysis showed elevated C5a and soluble C5b-9 levels, suggesting activation of the terminal complement pathway. After treatment with eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting complement component C5, seizure ceased and psychiatric symptoms improved rapidly. These findings suggest that complement inhibition may facilitate rapid neurological recovery and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for selected patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis often requires intensive care and rapid escalation of immunotherapy. We report a critically ill woman with refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) as early second-line therapy and discuss the rationale for IL-6 receptor bl...
Renato Pierre Lima, J. Ferreira, Marcos Vinícius Tadao Fujino et al.· Frontiers in Immunology· 0 citations
Objectives To describe clinical outcomes following daratumumab therapy in severe anti–N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, including a literature review. Methods We report 2 patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis treated with anti-CD38 daratumumab after failure of multiple immunotherapies. Clinical...
Nady Ammar, Marjolaine Uginet, P. De Stefano et al.· Neurology(R) neuroimmunology...· 0 citations
Rationale: Autoimmune encephalitis in children often presents with neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizures and may progress to secondary epilepsy with prolonged functional impairment. Immunotherapy is the principal disease-modifying treatment, whereas comprehensive nursing care supports safety, complication prevention,...
This case underscores the importance of considering autoimmune encephalitis in young patients presenting with new-onset psychosis, in the apparent absence of malignancy, and a high index of suspicion and early CSF evaluation can prevent diagnostic delay and improve patient outcomes.
Introduction: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a severe disorder characterized by psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Although clozapine has been used off-label with some reported success in adults, there is a lack of evidence regarding its use in pediatric populations. This case report details the successful use...
D. Vásquez, Carolina Franco-Salazar, L. Montoya-González· Acta neurológica colombiana· 0 citations
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