Clinical Trends and Postoperative Complications in Cataract Surgery: A Six-Months Study

Abstract

Background: “ Cataract is the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide, with surgery being the only definitive treatment. Despite advances, variations in surgical patterns and postoperative complications remain clinically significant. Aim: To evaluate the patterns of cataract surgery and associated postoperative complications over six months. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College, Gaya ji, Bihar, India, including 80 patients aged ≥40 years undergoing cataract surgery. Data on demographics, surgical techniques, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and visual outcomes were recorded. Surgeries included phacoemulsification, ECCE, and MSICS. Postoperative follow-up extended to six months, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27. Results: Patients were predominantly elderly, with a slight female predominance (52.5%). Phacoemulsification was the most common procedure (52.5%), with posterior chamber foldable IOLs implanted in 66.3% of cases. Intraoperative complications occurred in 13.7%, with posterior capsule rupture being most frequent. Postoperative complications were infrequent, with corneal edema (10%) and posterior capsule opacification (7.5%) being the most common. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber foldable IOLs provides excellent visual outcomes with low complication rates. Patient selection, surgical expertise, and structured postoperative follow-up are critical for” optimal outcomes