Unravelling the Role of Methylobacterium in Disease Resistance and Nematode Suppression in Plants

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture requires strategies that enhance crop productivity while reducing dependence on chemical inputs which are efficient, profitable, eco-friendly and conserve or enhance renewable resources. Microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil texture, health and fertility. Plant-associated methylotrophic bacteria, particularly Methylobacterium spp. (pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, PPFMs), have gained attention as effective biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. These bacteria are widely distributed in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of plants, where they utilize plant-derived methanol for growth and establish beneficial associations with host plants. Methylobacterium promotes plant development through multiple mechanisms, including phytohormone production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore synthesis, and improved nutrient uptake. They also enhance plant defense by inducing systemic resistance, producing antimicrobial compounds, and competing with pathogens for nutrients and colonization sites. Additionally, their ability to tolerate environmental stress and degrade toxic compounds supports plant resilience under adverse conditions. Overall, Methylobacterium spp. offers a sustainable alternative approach for improving crop productivity, maintaining soil health, and reducing reliance on agrochemicals.