Exercise Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Control: Maintenance and Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis

Abstract

Simple Summary Skeletal muscle, the body’s largest metabolic organ, relies critically on mitochondrial integrity for proper function. Mitochondrial quality control encompasses biogenesis, repair, and clearance mechanisms that preserve organelle homeostasis. Dysfunction in these pathways, arising from aging, malnutrition, or disease, precipitates muscle atrophy, impaired bioenergetics, and metabolic dysfunction. This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle and examines the consequences of its failure. Notably, exercise emerges as a potent, cost-effective intervention to restore mitochondrial homeostasis. Strategic exercise prescription represents a promising approach to sustain musculoskeletal health throughout the lifespan, warranting further investigation into optimal dosing for diverse populations.