Assessment of a Reduced SNP Panel Targeting Prolificacy and Coat Color Genes in Brazilian Sheep Breeds

Abstract

Simple Summary Sheep play an important role in food production and rural livelihoods, especially in regions where locally adapted breeds have developed unique traits. Two key characteristics that influence sheep productivity are the number of lambs born per ewe (prolificacy) and coat color, which can affect adaptation and market value. This study evaluated genetic variations in 15 Brazilian sheep breeds using a set of 48 genetic markers related to these traits. Our findings suggest that a specific mutation in the GDF9 gene may be associated with increased lamb production in the Brazilian Blackbelly, in addition to Santa Inês and Morada Nova breeds where it has previously been associated with prolificacy. Other genes formerly linked with enhanced reproductive performance did not show relevant effects in these locally adapted breeds. Genetic differences were also identified in genes influencing coat color, helping to explain the diversity observed between hair and wool sheep. Importantly, the genetic material stored in the Brazilian Animal Germplasm Bank (BBGA) preserves much of the diversity found in populations conserved in situ. These findings contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of local sheep breeds, supporting genetic improvement programs and helping ensure food security and biodiversity for future generations.