Evaluation of Anterior Segment Biometric Changes After Phacoemulsification Surgery with Intraocular Lens Implantation Measured with A-Scan Biometry

Abstract

Background: Cataract is one of the most common preventable causes of blindness in the world, and the gold standard surgical treatment is phacoemulsification (PHACO) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. This study aimed to assess the changes in anterior segment biometry, particularly ACD, before and after PHACO with IOL, using A-scan biometry. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2024 to December 2025. 100 patients who had uncomplicated PHACO with PCIOL implantation were enrolled. The A-scan ultrasonic biometer was used to measure ACD at baseline (preoperative) and on the 7th postoperative day (POD) and at one month postoperatively. Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 26. Results: The mean age was 61.8 ± 8.7 years, and 56% were male. Age-related cataract was the commonest diagnosis, 62%. Mean ACD increased significantly from 2.92 ± 0.28 mm preoperatively to 3.54 ± 0.31 mm on the 7th POD and 3.58 ± 0.30 mm at one month. The mean increases were 0.62 mm and 0.66 mm, respectively, both statistically significant, P < 0.001. Conclusions: PHACO, along with IOL, results in a clinically and statistically significant deepening of the ACD, especially in patients with shallow preoperative ACD. These biometric changes are well monitored by A-scan ultrasonic biometry.