National Security in Nigeria: Leveraging AI-Driven Governance to Analyze Contemporary Threats and Enhance Policy Responses

Abstract

The increasing complexity of security threats demands innovative national security management approaches globally. In Nigeria, issues like terrorism, banditry, cybercrime, and attacks on critical infrastructure weaken stability and development. This study investigates the role of AI-driven governance in addressing these contemporary threats and enhancing policy responses in Nigeria. Grounded in Digital Governance Theory and Securitization Theory, the research utilized a qualitative design, conducting a qualitative literature review with secondary data sourced from peer-reviewed journals and institutional reports. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence can significantly improve intelligence gathering, predictive analytics, cybersecurity management, and evidence-based policymaking. A comparative analysis of best practices from countries like Singapore, Estonia, India, and Israel highlights that successful AI adoption requires robust digital infrastructure, effective regulatory frameworks, sustained investments, and institutional collaboration. However, the study identifies critical constraints in Nigeria, such as inadequate digital infrastructure, limited technical expertise, weak policy frameworks, institutional fragmentation, insufficient funding, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The study concludes that AI-driven governance can enhance Nigeria’s national security framework and responsiveness to emerging threats. Recommendations include developing a comprehensive National AI Security Strategy, increasing investments in digital infrastructure and human capital, and strengthening legal, regulatory, and international cooperation to support effective AI technologies in national security management.