Analysis of prosthetic outcomes and influencing factors in patients with alveolar bone atrophy

Abstract

Objective To investigate implant-supported prosthetic outcomes and influencing factors in alveolar bone atrophy. Material and methods One hundred and fifty patients with atrophy receiving implants (2021–2022) were followed for 2 years. Success (n = 97, 64.7%) and failure (n = 53, 35.3%) groups were compared using univariate analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with overall failure and Cox regression to assess time to failure. Results Univariate analysis identified age, gender, smoking, implant length, and prosthesis type as significant (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed short implant length (< 10 mm) as the sole independent risk factor for failure (OR = 4.418, p = 0.004); age ≥ 60 years (OR = 2.560, p = 0.094) and female gender (OR = 1.127, p = 0.807) were not significant. Multivariable Cox regression revealed age ≥ 60 years as a significant predictor of earlier failure (HR = 2.558, p = 0.010), while female gender and short implants were not (p > 0.05). Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant survival differences for age (p = 0.010), gender (p = 0.023), and implant length (p = 0.021). Conclusion Short implant independently increases failure risk; age ≥ 60 years accelerates failure. Bone augmentation is preferred. Findings need validation.