Exploring the Foundations of Interplanetary Logistics: Spaceport Infrastructure for the Moon and Mars

Abstract

Sustainable human presence on the Moon and Mars requires surface infrastructure capable of supporting landing, refueling, cargo handling, and ISRU. This paper presents a systems architecture for extraterrestrial spaceports, informed by terrestrial logistics analogs ( e.g., port operations, ICAO standards) and space mission data (Artemis, Perseverance, VIPER). Key components include regolith-mitigating landing pads, autonomous construction using robotic excavators ( e.g., RASSOR), ISRU-to-propulsion chains ( e.g., Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, Sabatier reactors), and modular habitats. The analysis identifies key gaps: limited validation of ISRU-derived materials under lunar/Martian stressors, absence of standardized interface protocols for cross-provider interoperability, and insufficient power solutions for 14-day lunar nights or Martian dust storms. A phased implementation strategy is proposed, from robotic site surveys (2030s) to crew-tended hubs (2040s), prioritizing risk reduction through Earth-based analog testing and international standardization. The framework supports the emergence of an Interplanetary Logistics Grid but does not prescribe governance models. Instead, it offers a technically grounded foundation for infrastructure development aligned with COSPAR planetary protection and sustainability principles.