Reimagining gender pronouns

Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review on English epicene pronouns (EEPs), focusing on reported perceptions and implications across social and institutional contexts. Despite growing visibility in academic, legal, and educational spheres, research on EEPs remains fragmented, with limited synthesis across disciplines. Addressing this gap, the study adopts Petticrew and Roberts’ (2006) seven-stage review model, guided by Newman and Gough’s (2020) framework, and thematic analysis to consolidate findings from peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters published between 2000 and 2025. Drawing on data from 50 reviewed studies from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, the findings indicate that singular they is the most widely accepted EEP because it supports comprehension and reduces gender bias, with strong uptake in academic, educational, and media contexts; while resistance persists in highly regulated institutions and neopronouns (e.g., ze, hir ) remain largely confined to identity-affirming spaces (e.g., online platforms) due to limited standardization and institutional support. This review provides a critical, integrative understanding of EEPs and offers a valuable framework for educators, researchers, and policymakers navigating gender-fair language (GFL) in English discourse.