From Detection to Prevention: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Fatigue Alertness System in an Indonesia’s Gold Mine

Abstract

Operator fatigue remains a significant occupational risk factor in the mining industry, affecting both safety outcomes and operational efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a camera-based fatigue alertness system in reducing fatigue-related events and improving productivity at one of Indonesia’s gold mining operations. A mixed-methods approach was applied, integrating four years of historical operational data (2021–2024) with qualitative insights from dump truck operators and managerial personnel. Quantitative analysis focused on the frequency and severity of fatigue events and delay durations, while qualitative data were obtained through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate a substantial reduction in critical fatigue events, down to near zero by 2024, along with a 75% decrease in total fatigue-related delays. Notably, moderate fatigue alerts dropped by 97%, and controlled fatigue alerts declined by 78%, reflecting the system’s effectiveness in promoting behavioural change. Additionally, overspeed events as one of key parameters monitored also decreased consistently. Management responses confirmed high satisfaction with the system’s impact and suggested further integration of alert notifications and system accuracy enhancements. Operators generally acknowledged the system’s benefits but raised concerns about occasional false positives. This study concludes that real-time fatigue alertness technology, when embedded within a comprehensive safety management framework, can effectively enhance safety, reduce operational risk, and generate measurable financial value. The findings support the integration of smart fatigue detection tools as a strategic component of behaviour-based safety systems in the mining industry.