The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on Food Security and Economic Growth: Case of South Africa

Abstract

The Russia–Ukraine war has precipitated severe global economic and food security challenges, disrupting trade, production, and supply chains that underpin the international food system. This study critically examines the multidimensional impacts of the conflict on global food security and economic stability, with a specific focus on South Africa. Drawing on secondary data sources and existing literature, the research explores how disruptions in agricultural exports from Russia and Ukraine key suppliers of wheat, maize, sunflower oil, and fertilizers have intensified food price volatility and heightened vulnerability among import-dependent nations. The analysis reveals that Africa, and particularly South Africa, faces disproportionate effects due to its reliance on imported staple foods and energy products. Moreover, the study highlights broader macroeconomic repercussions, including trade imbalances, supply chain disruptions, reduced investor confidence, and slower economic growth. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions aimed at strengthening food system resilience, diversifying trade partners, investing in domestic agricultural production. Ultimately, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how geopolitical conflicts transcend borders to shape the economic and food security landscapes of developing nations like South Africa.