Clinical characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder in older adults: a scoping review.
TL;DR
There is an urgent need for prospective longitudinal studies to adequately map the aging trajectories of this population of older adults with ASD, which constitute a vulnerable population.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong condition; however, literature regarding its manifestation in old age remains scarce.
Objective
To synthesize descriptive studies on the clinical characteristics of ASD in the elderly, aiming to improve diagnosis and quality of life. METHODOLOGY This is a scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and reported according to PRISMA-ScR. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE/PUBMED and SCIELO databases, covering the period from 2011 to 2026, focusing on descriptive studies with participants aged over 50 years. Ultimately, 18 articles were selected and analyzed.
Results
The evolution of autism symptoms proved to be complex and non-linear; while some behaviors and psychiatric symptoms tend to decline with age, social difficulties may persist or worsen. From a cognitive perspective, data suggest an aging pattern parallel to neurotypicals, although there are reports of specific deficits in working memory and attention. An alarming burden of psychiatric comorbidities was identified, highlighting depression and high rates of suicidality, as well as significant clinical comorbidities.
Conclusion
Older adults with ASD constitute a vulnerable population. There is an urgent need for prospective longitudinal studies to adequately map the aging trajectories of this population.