Evaluation of Tree Species for Biodrainage and its Impact on Soil Health-A Review

Abstract

This review focussed on recent scientific insights to explain the ability of different tree species to lower water tables, thereby improving the soil health and environment. Biodrainage has emerged as an innovative and sustainable biological approach to mitigate waterlogging and soil salinity, which were two major impediments to agricultural productivity. It was proven beyond doubt as a practical and eco-friendly alternative to conventional drainage methods in poorly drained areas. Fast-growing, deep-rooted, and high-transpiring species such as Eucalyptus, Casuarina, and Acacia have demonstrated significant efficacy in managing excess soil moisture in affected landscapes. Adopting these species facilitated natural drainage and contributed positively to soil properties and microbial activity. Furthermore, it gained momentum as a low-cost, self-sustaining, and renewable solution that integrated well with agroforestry systems and sustainable land use practices. It could help reclaim saline soils, and supported resilient farming systems besides improving resource-use efficiency, stabilizing crop productivity under stress conditions thus generating additional economic returns through tree-based outputs. In the context of global sustainability frameworks, this green concept aligned with key Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). However, its effectiveness depended on appropriate tree species selection, site-specific soil and ground water conditions, and long-term management practices. Therefore, systematic evaluation of tree species was essential to optimize biodrainage performance and ensured sustainable land and water resource management.