A reproducible, license-aware knowledge-distillation recipe addressing the constraint of deploying a safety layer for large language models on commodity hardware by partitioning the corpus into seven safety categories aligned to a public hazard taxonomy.
Abstract
Deploying a safety layer for large language models on commodity hardware is constrained by the guards available to do it: current open guard models hold between 1 and 9 billion parameters, are oriented toward the graphics processing unit, and answer in seconds per request on a central processing unit. This paper presents a reproducible, license-aware knowledge-distillation recipe addressing that constraint. A strong open guard labels a corpus of roughly 97,000 prompts, drawn from 24 public datasets, into seven safety categories aligned to a public hazard taxonomy, and a fleet of small students spanning lexical, shallow, encoder and generative architectures is trained to reproduce that signal. The corpus is partitioned at the license boundary, so that a deployable and a research model differ only in their training data and the cost of that restriction becomes measurable. Every model is scored against an independent gold benchmark of 6,361 rows over four slices, labeled apart from the teacher and including a slice of harmless prompts that makes over-defense measurable. The distilled students match the teachers on adversarial text within overlapping confidence intervals and reduce false alarms on harmless prompts, the smallest generative student reaching 3.8% against 4.8% for the 8-billion-parameter teacher, while the encoder classifies in roughly 24 ms per request on CPU. Per-class rebalancing is the only decisive ingredient of the recipe. No superiority over the distilled guards is claimed; on the clean reference slice they remain ahead.
LifeSciBench is introduced, a benchmark of 750 expert-authored tasks designed to evaluate whether language models can handle realistic life science research work, with each constituent task paired with a human expert-written rubric.
Amelia Liu, Andrew Ho, Anne Marie Droste et al.· bioRxiv· 2 citations
A rapidly advancing precision-therapy pipeline-including antisense oligonucleotides to upregulate the intact allele, AAV-based gene replacement, CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation, epigenetic modulators, and rational pathway-targeted small molecules-offers realistic prospects for disease modification.
Autistic children experience disproportionately high rates of anxiety, yet common interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy and traditional mindfulness practices may be less effective due to their cognitive and abstract demands. Yoga nidra, a form of guided meditation using concrete visualisations and breath awareness, may offer a more accessible alternative. This mixed methods study evaluated the feasibility and pilot efficacy of a co-designed six-week online yoga nidra intervention targeting anxiety in autistic children aged 8-14 years. Neurophysiological and psychological data were collected from 13 participants using parent- and self-reported measures of anxiety (ASC-ASD), intolerance of uncertainty (IUSC), and emotion dysregulation (EDI), alongside heart rate variability (HRV). Notably, the cohort included a minimally speaking child, which demonstrates the potential for the intervention to extend to autistic children with language support needs, a group who are often underrepresented in similar research. Results indicated no statistically significant changes in anxiety over time; however, medium effect sizes were observed in self- (Hedge's g = 0.55) and parent-reported anxiety (Hedge's g = 0.45), with three participants moving from clinically significant to non-significant anxiety levels post-intervention. Additionally, intolerance of uncertainty and emotion dysregulation demonstrated small to medium effect size reductions (IUSC, Hedge's g = 0.50; EDI-Reactivity, Hedge's g = 0.55; EDI-Dysphoria, Hedge's g = 0.25), suggesting potential benefits of yoga nidra in these areas. Greater attendance was significantly associated with self-reported reductions in anxiety (ASC-ASD-SR, r = .757, p < .05), but not the other outcome measures. Unexpectedly, HRV outcomes indicated reduced autonomic functioning post-intervention. Additionally, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with three child participants and their mothers from the study were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, revealing five key themes of their experience: Thinking About the Body is Hard; We Want More; Homework Sucks; Making Mindfulness Concrete; and On-Screen and At Home is Convenient. While the online format was appreciated for its accessibility, challenges with adherence and scheduling highlighted the need for more flexible delivery models. This study advances upon prior research by being the first to develop a co-designed yoga nidra intervention specifically for autistic children. Findings support the feasibility of yoga nidra as a complementary intervention for autistic children and suggest directions for future research, including larger trials and further co-design with the autistic community.
Tundi Loftus, Shu H Yau, Sophia Soares et al.· Research in Developmental Di...· 1 citation
TestifAI, a deep learning testing framework for efficient and accurate estimation of robustness against combinations of perturbations, is proposed and partial model tomography is introduced, a novel approach to reconstructing model behaviour in a multi-perturbation space from tests that apply only a small number of perturbations.
Arooj Arif, T. Hartung, E. Botoeva et al.· 1 citation
Website redundancy does not have a single fixed meaning. The same repeated element may distract during one task and provide backup during another. We introduce CORA (Counterfactual, Observable Redundancy Audit), which measures repetition load, normal-use tax, and failure-domain recovery reserve separately. Each run retains screenshots, stable element identities, and task traces. A versioned vision-language model proposes the annotations. Typed validation and release checks then determine whether a calibrated dimension can be reported; failed or malformed outputs stay in the fixed denominator. On a transparent mechanistic testbed, the factorized CORA representation separated reserve from normal-use tax and predicted perturbed success more accurately than scalar-load baselines. The model studies then showed why repeatability is not enough: two small local vision-language models produced recurring outputs, but neither instrument met all release requirements. CORA therefore withheld automated scores from both instruments while retaining the raw responses and failure records. Separate checker fixtures confirmed that the typed validator and hardened release gates implement their specifications; these tests do not establish semantic grounding or accuracy on production sites. Taken together, the results position CORA as an auditable candidate procedure for the controlled benchmark studied here rather than a general standard. Human agreement, AI-versus-human accuracy, and validation on independent production sites remain open empirical questions.
Large Language Models show potential in their diagnostic accuracy and consequent ability to reduce clinician burden, and may provide the greatest benefit when used to optimise referral quality at source, improving both clinician and potentially LLM triage downstream.
K. Surendran, I. Aziz, Glyndwr Jenkins· Current Surgery Reports· 0 citations
A new method for surgically removing training examples from a model reveals that as datasets grow, the link between what a model learns and what it produces dissolves.
