Analysis of Quality Indicators of Tomato Plants (Yegana and Saribash Cultivars) Grown in Greenhouse Conditions on the Absheron Peninsula

Abstract

Background: In the Absheron Peninsula, tomato is one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops due to its high nutritional value and broad range of uses. In recent years, the application of modern greenhouse technologies and soilless cultivation systems has expanded considerably in Azerbaijan. Objective: The main objective of this research was to study the biological characteristics of the Yegana and Saribash tomato cultivars and compare the quality indicators of the two cultivars. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in greenhouses at the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The experiment was initiated in 2025 and completed in July 2026. During the study, total soluble solids, dry matter content, vitamin C content, and titratable acidity were evaluated. Results: According to the results of the biological analyses, the fruit set rate of the Saribash (351y) cultivar was higher (90–92%) than that of the Yegana (398) cultivar (85–90%). In contrast, the vitamin C content was 19.5 mg/100 g in the Saribash (351y) cultivar and 29.0 mg/100 g in the Yegana (398) cultivar. Conclusion: The comparative evaluation of the Yegana (398) and Saribash (351y) tomato cultivars under greenhouse conditions revealed clear differences in their biological and fruit quality characteristics. The results demonstrate that cultivar-specific biological and biochemical traits should be considered when selecting tomato genotypes for greenhouse production. The practical significance of this study lies in identifying cultivar-specific advantages that can support more targeted cultivar selection for different production and market purposes.