DDMS: Dynamic Duty Management via Offline-First Geo-Spatial Constraint Orchestration

Abstract

Civil security and law enforcement agencies regularly manage field deployments at scales exceeding tens of thousands of uniformed personnel. In conventional field operations, duty scheduling and redeployment remain heavily manual; static paper rosters are drafted days in advance and patched reactively across ad-hoc voice or radio channels. When operational disruptions occur (such as severe weather halts, route obstructions, spontaneous crowd surges, or emergent personnel unavailability), the latency between the operational plan and physical ground truth causes unverified attendance, multi-hour redeployment lags, and irrecoverable after-action data. The Dynamic Duty Management System (DDMS) addresses these operational challenges by modeling the operational theater as a continuously updated multipartite graph. Personnel, posts, route corridors, incidents, and command structures form vertices, while assignments, spatial adjacencies, capabilities, and hierarchical command authorities form edges. Upon an operational disturbance, an incremental solver isolates the affected local subgraph and computes optimal duty adjustments under a formal hierarchical relaxation mechanism when joint feasibility is initially empty. Duty deltas synchronize with edge devices through an offline-first causal protocol that handles extended disconnections and forks concurrent writes for supervisor reconciliation. We evaluate DDMS using operational telemetry from a 45-day multi-agency high-altitude deployment coordinating 13,000 to 21,000 personnel daily across complex terrain, alongside Kanwar Yatra pilgrimage deployments across Bareilly Range and Muzaffarnagar managing over 10,000 to 14,000 personnel across hundreds of sub-sectors and corridors. Reported empirical outcomes demonstrate a reduction in sector roster preparation from approximately 6 h to 25 min, median incident response latency from 29 min to 8 min, and unverified attendance from approximately 14% to 1.2%, while preserving the constitutional chain of command.