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A perspective on federated foundation models in biomedical sensing and imaging

Sep 2026 · npj Digital Medicine

Abstract

In this perspective paper, we introduce multimodal multi-task federated foundation models (M3T FedFMs) as a paradigm for privacy-preserving and distributed learning over biomedical sensing and imaging data. We outline their architecture, applications across medical sectors, key challenges, and future research directions, as well as the metrics and datasets that can facilitate their benchmarking.

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