Technological Evolution of Strategic Security Infrastructure: Transitioning from Reactive Models to Predictive Intelligence

Abstract

Security infrastructure has evolved from the use of reactive models toward the adoption of predictive technologies, transforming and enhancing threat anticipation, improving monitoring capabilities, and strengthening strategic decision-making driven by the integration of emerging technologies and artificial intelligence. This review study synthesizes the changes occurring across spatial, maritime, aerial, border, and cybersecurity infrastructure, evidencing the impact of the transition toward predictive technologies; it addresses the challenges and limitations these technologies introduce as a consequence of their operational deployment, and concludes by examining future lines of development in this domain. The review was conducted following the PRISMA® methodology, analyzing the scientific literature retrieved from seven indexed databases—SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, and PubMed—consistent with the full search scope. Articles were independently assessed by two reviewers, yielding an initial Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.458; following structured discussion and consensus resolution, the final inter-rater reliability reached κ = 0.71, meeting the accepted threshold for scoping review methodology. The findings demonstrate a global transition toward intelligent security infrastructures, with measurable improvements in performance, accuracy, and response times in the generation of actionable intelligence to support strategic decision-making.