CritiqueDriveVLM: From Verifier-Guided Reinforcement Learning to Latent Thought Distillation for Autonomous Driving

Abstract

End-to-end Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show immense potential in autonomous driving. However, standard Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) often suffers from reasoning hallucinations and conservative biases. While traditional tool-augmented frameworks and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) approaches mitigate these issues, they incur exorbitant token consumption and unacceptable latency, rendering real-time deployment impractical. To resolve this reliability-efficiency trade-off, we propose CritiqueDriveVLM, a novel unified three-stage framework internalizing reasoning directly into the VLM. First, we introduce Critique-Driven Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning (RL) guided by a multi-dimensional verifier. By providing granular scalar feedback and a multi-turn penalty, we force the policy to internalize logical deduction, cultivating a robust System-2 Teacher that achieves high accuracy without fragile external tools. Subsequently, we propose Latent Thought Distillation to overcome the latency bottleneck. By aligning the Student's latent representations with the Teacher's fully converged reasoning states, we compress deep logical capabilities into a fast, CoT-free System-1 Student. Extensive experiments on the widely-used DriveLMM-01 benchmark demonstrate remarkable improvements. Compared to the base model, our tool-free Teacher significantly boosts Multiple Choice Quality (MCQ) from 55.54% to a state-of-the-art 76.54%. Crucially, our distilled Student preserves competitive reasoning depth while drastically minimizing generation length to an average of merely 28 tokens. This slashes inference latency by 88% (from 3482 ms to 416 ms), paving a highly robust pathway for low-latency autonomous driving.Our source code is available at https://github.com/MICLAB-BUPT/CritiqueDriveVLM.