Factors Affecting Technical Efficiencies in Maize Production Among Smallholder Farmers in Uasin Gishu County and Transzoia Counties in Kenya

Abstract

Maize is a crucial crop for food security and economic stability in Kenya, especially in key maize-producing regions like Uasin Gishu and Transzoia counties. Despite their potential, maize yields in these counties remain significantly below optimum levels—averaging 400,000 and 600,000 metric tons respectively, against potentials of 900,000 and 1,000,000 metric tons indicating technical inefficiencies in resource utilization. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting technical efficiency in maize production among smallholder farmers in Uasin Gishu and Transzoia counties. The study employed a survey research design, using a sample of 274 farmers selected through stratified random sampling from a target population of 16,300. Data was collected via structured self-administered questionnaires, measuring factors such as education, farm size, access to extension services, and input use. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, including frequencies, percentages, and means. The results showed that technical efficiency among farmers ranged from 0.75 to 0.91, with inefficiencies attributed to inadequate access to modern inputs, limited education, and insufficient extension services. These findings suggest that productivity could be improved by up to 25% if technical inefficiencies are addressed. The study recommends policy interventions focused on improving access to modern farming inputs, expanding extension services, and enhancing farmer education to boost maize productivity and enhance food security in these counties