Review

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The metallicity of the intracluster light

Euclid Collaboration J. B. Golden-Marx N. Hatch S. Bamford H. Gao T. Kolcu M. Montes H. J. Brown Y. Bahé H. Gully G. Martin M. Urbano S. L. Ahad C. Bellhouse M. Bolzonella J. Butler Wei-Guang Cui F. Durret A. Ellien A. H. Gonzalez M. Kluge L. Moscardini F. Pearce R. Ragusa B. Altieri S. Andreon N. Auricchio C. Baccigalupi M. Baldi S. Bardelli P. Battaglia A. Biviano E. Branchini M. Brescia J. Brinchmann S. Camera G. Cañas-Herrera V. Capobianco C. Carbone V. F. Cardone J. Carretero S. Casas M. Castellano G. Castignani S. Cavuoti K. Chambers A. Cimatti C. Colodro-Conde G. Congedo C. Conselice L. Conversi Y. Copin A. Costille F. Courbin H. Courtois M. Cropper J. Cuillandre A. Da Silva H. Degaudenzi G. de Lucia H. Dole F. Dubath C. Duncan X. Dupac S. Dusini S. Escoffier M. Farina R. Farinelli S. Ferriol F. Finelli S. Fotopoulou M. Frailis E. Franceschi L. Gabarra S. Galeotta K. George B. Gillis C. Giocoli J. Graciá-Carpio A. Grazian F. Grupp W. Hartley S. Haugan W. Holmes I. Hook F. Hormuth A. Hornstrup K. Jahnke M. Jhabvala B. Joachimi E. Keihänen S. Kermiche A. Kiessling B. Kubik M. K\"ummel M. Kunz H. Kurki-Suonio A. L. Le Brun S. Ligori P. Lilje V. Lindholm I. Lloro M. Magliocchetti G. Mainetti D. Maino E. Maiorano O. Mansutti S. Marcin O. Marggraf M. Martinelli N. Martinet F. Marulli R. Massey N. Mauri S. Maurogordato C. McPartland E. Medinaceli S. Mei M. Melchior Y. Mellier M. Meneghetti E. Merlin G. Meylan P. Monaco A. Mora Michele Moresco C. Moretti R. Nakajima C. Neissner R. Nichol S. Niemi C. Padilla S. Paltani F. Pasian K. Pedersen W. Percival V. Pettorino A. Pezzotta S. Pires G. Polenta M. Poncet L. Popa C. Porciani L. Pozzetti F. Raison R. Rebolo A. Renzi J. Rhodes G. Riccio I. Risso E. Romelli M. Roncarelli R. Saglia Z. Sakr D. Sapone B. Sartoris J. Schewtschenko M. Schirmer P. Schneider T. Schrabback A. Secroun G. Seidel S. Serrano P. Simon C. Sirignano G. Sirri L. Stanco J. Steinwagner P. Tallada-Cresp'i A. Taylor H. Teplitz I. Tereno N. 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Kajava Y. Kang Vanshika Kansal D. Karagiannis K. Kiiveri J. Kim C. Kirkpatrick S. Kruk M. Lattanzi L. Legrand F. Lepori G. Leroy G. Lesci J. Lesgourgues L. Leuzzi T. Liaudat S.-J. Liu A. Loureiro J. Macias-Perez F. Mannucci C. J. A. Martins L. Maurin M. Miluzio A. Montoro G. Morgante S. Nadathur K. Naidoo P. Natoli A. Navarro-Alsina S. Nesseris D. Paoletti F. Passalacqua K. Paterson A. Pisani D. Potter G. W. Pratt S. Quai M. Radovich G. Rodighiero W. Roster S. Sacquegna M. Sahl'en D. Sanders E. Sarpa J. Schaye A. Schneider M. Schultheis D. Sciotti E. Sellentin F. Shankar L. Smith J. Sorce S. Stanford K. Tanidis F. Tarsitano G. Testera R. Teyssier S. Tosi A. Troja M. Tucci A. Venhola D. Vergani G. Verza P. Vielzeuf S. Vinciguerra N. A. W. S. O. Physics Astronomy U. Nottingham U. Park Nottingham NG7 2RD Uk Institute of Space Sciences C. Uab Carrer de Can Magrans Sn. 08193 Barcelona Spain I. Physics Laboratory of Astrophysics Ecole Polytechnique F'ed'erale de Lausanne Observatoire de Sauverny 1290 Versoix Switzerland Universit'e de Strasbourg Cnrs Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg Umr 67000 Strasbourg France Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics U. Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada D. Physics INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza Dello Spazio di Bologna V. Gobetti 40129 Bologna Italy Departamento de F'isica Te'orica Facultad Experimental de Ciencias Universidad Aut'onoma de Madrid 28049 Cantoblanco Madrid Institute for Astronomy U. Edinburgh R. Observatory B. Hill Edinburgh EH9 3HJ Centro de Investigaci'on Avanzada En F'isica Fundamental 28692 Madrid Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris 98 bis boulevard Arago 75014 Paris Oça P. H. C. B. de l'Observatoire Cs 4. 06304Nicecedex D. O. Astronomy U. Florida Bryant Space Science Center Gainesville .fl. Usa Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics 1. Giessenbachstr. 85748 Garching Germany D. Bologna V. Gobetti I. di Bologna 62 VialeBertiPichat 40129 Bologna INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte 16 ViaMoiariello 80131 Napoli Esacesa C. D. del Castillo Sn. Urb. Villafranca del Castillo 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera 28 ViaBrera 20133 Milano Ifpu Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe 2. viaBeirut 34151 Trieste INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste 11 ViaG.B.Tiepolo 34151 Trieste Infn Sezione di Trieste 2. ViaValerio TS 34127Trieste Sissa I. Studies Via Bonomea TS 34136Trieste D. Astronomia U. Bologna V. Gobetti D. Fisica U. Genova 33 viaDodecaneso 16146 Genova INFN-Sezione di Genova D. Pancini University Federico 6. ViaCinthia 80126 Napoli Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço U. Porto Caup Rua das Estrelas PT4150-762 Porto Portugal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Rua Do Campo de Alegre 4169-007 Porto E. Observatory 2. Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. U. Torino 1. viaP.Giuria 10125 Torino INFN-Sezione di Torino INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino 20 viaOsservatorio 1. P. Torinese European Space AgencyESTEC 1. Keplerlaan 2201 AZ Noordwijk T. Netherlands Leiden Observatory Leiden University 55 Einsteinweg 2333 CC Leiden Inaf-Iasf Milano 12 ViaAlfonsoCorti 20133 Milano INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma 33 viaFrascati 00078 Monteporzio Catone INFN-Sezione di Roma P. A. Moro 2. -. C. D. D. Fisica Edificio G. Marconi 00133 Roma Centro de Investigaciones Energ'eticas Medioambientales Y. Tecnol'ogicas 40 AvenidaComplutense 28692 Madrid Port d'Informaci'O Cient'ifica C. Sn 08193 Bellaterra Institute for Particle Physics Cosmology Rwth Aachen University 52056 Aachen V. DeutschesZentrumfurLuft-undRaumfahrte Linder Hohe 51147 Köln INFN-Sezione di Napoli U. Hawaii 2680 Woodlawn Drive Honolulu Hi Instituto de Astrof́isica de Canarias E. Laguna Tenerife J. B. C. F. Astrophysics U. Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL European Space AgencyESRIN 1. LargoGalileoGalilei 00044 Frascati Roma 1. Universit'eClaudeBernardLyon CNRS-IN2P3 Ipn Lyon Umr

Oct 2026 · 0 citations · 27 references

Physics

Abstract

Colour provides key information to constrain the stellar population of the intracluster light (ICL), the diffuse light within galaxy clusters. We derive radial colour profiles ($Y_\mathrm{E}-H_\mathrm{E}$, $J_\mathrm{E}-H_\mathrm{E}$, $I_\mathrm{E}-H_\mathrm{E}$) of the brightest central galaxy (BCG) and ICL for 168 galaxy clusters from the Dark Energy Survey redMaPPer catalogue within the redshift range $0.110^{14.05}M_\odot/h$, within the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). By stacking the light profiles measured using elliptical annuli on the BCG and ICL images, we reliably measure the ICL colour out to approximately 300 kpc, over which we find a colour gradient, with the ICL becoming bluer than the BCG out to approximately 150 kpc. Using stellar population synthesis (SPS) models, we find that near-infrared (NIR) colours are sensitive to metallicity, but not age. Thus, we measure a metallicity profile in the BCG and ICL that extends out to 300 kpc for a statistical sample for the first time. While the colours, and the detection of a colour and metallicity gradient, are robust, we note that our metallicity measurement is dependent upon our choice of both SPS model and colour. We find that the metallicity of the BCG is super-solar [$\log_{10} (Z/Z_\odot)>0.1$], while the ICL is metal-poor [$\log_{10}(Z/Z_\odot)\approx -0.5$], placing the first statistical constraint on the metallicity of the ICL out to large radii. These results support our current understanding of BCG and ICL formation: BCGs form predominantly through mergers with massive galaxies or the cores of satellite galaxies, while the ICL grows via the tidal stripping of lower-metallicity stars from the outskirts of massive satellite galaxies.

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