Jul 2026· NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES· Vol 6, pp. 1-10· 0 citations
TL;DR
The analysis demonstrates that effective digital identity governance requires balancing state interests with citizens’ privacy rights through strong regulatory frameworks, transparent data practices, inclusive design, digital literacy initiatives, and accountable oversight mechanisms.
Abstract
Digital Identity Systems (DIS) have emerged as transformative infrastructures that reshape interactions between citizens and the state by influencing access to public services, privacy protection, and governmental capacity. This study examines the relationship between Digital Identity Systems and three interconnected outcomes: privacy, accessibility, and state capacity. It explores how the design, governance structures, and implementation strategies of DIS determine their ability to promote inclusive service delivery while safeguarding individual rights. Drawing on comparative perspectives from countries including Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, India, and other global contexts, the study highlights variations in digital identity approaches and their implications for governance. While DIS can enhance administrative efficiency, reduce fraud, improve accountability, and expand access to essential services, they also create significant risks related to surveillance, data misuse, exclusion, and weakened individual autonomy. The analysis demonstrates that effective digital identity governance requires balancing state interests with citizens’ privacy rights through strong regulatory frameworks, transparent data practices, inclusive design, digital literacy initiatives, and accountable oversight mechanisms. The study argues that Digital Identity Systems should not be evaluated solely as technological tools but as socio-political infrastructures that influence state–citizen relationships. Sustainable and equitable digital identity ecosystems depend on privacy-preserving architectures, interoperability, citizen empowerment, and policies that address inequalities in access and participation.
Keywords: Digital Identity Systems, Privacy and Data Governance, Digital Inclusion, State Capacity, and Citizen Access and Accountability.
The study concludes that trustworthy digital participation depends on the integration of technical safeguards, enforceable rights, organisational culture, and transparent governance, and recommends embedding security and privacy by design, strengthening incident preparedness, improving workforce competence, enhancing regulatory cooperation, and adopting measurable accountability mechanisms.
Bisola Akeju, Shalom Alugwe, Ayokunle Olamide Ijagbemi· International Journal of Mul...· 0 citations
Abstract
India's shift towards digitally mediated governance has reshaped the citizen-administrative state dynamics. Biometric identity framework (Aadhaar), faceless assessment in the income tax administration, direct benefit transfer system and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 are expected to be efficient, leak-proof and targeted, but leave questions unanswered before the court. This article questions whether the digital governance ecosystem in India has sufficiently harmonized the efficiency of administration with the fundamental rights of privacy, equality of substantive rights, and procedural rights in Article 21, 14 and due process. The article uses the doctrinal approach to examine the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of India on 'informational privacy' and 'proportionality', as well as the statutory framework of the Aadhaar Act, 2016, the Information Technology Act, 2000, and Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023; and the administrative practice of algorithmic and automated decision-making in welfare and taxation. It believes that the judiciary has created a functional test of proportionality for privacy interests, but this test continues to be under-respected when it comes to algorithmic exclusion and automated adjudication, where reasoned decision making and meaningful review are often lacking. The article then envisions a calibrated approach that combines proportionality review with a compulsory duty of explaining algorithms and a system of independent institutional oversight, ensuring that enhanced efficiency in government does not sacrifice constitutionally protected rights.
Keywords: Right to privacy; Due Process; Digital Personal Data Protection Act; 2023; Keywords: digital governance; Aadhaar; algorithmic discrimination; administrative law
Tangutur Aparna· International Journal of Law...· 0 citations
Digital governance has become a defining feature of modern public administration, transforming the relationship between governments, citizens, and public institutions through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). E-governance initiatives have enhanced the efficiency, transparency, accountability, and accessibility of public services by enabling online delivery of governmental functions, digital identity systems, electronic records, e-courts, digital taxation, e-procurement, and citizen participation platforms. These technological advancements contribute significantly to good governance and sustainable development while reducing administrative delays, corruption, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. However, the rapid digitalization of governance also presents substantial legal and constitutional challenges concerning the rule of law, data protection, privacy, cybersecurity, digital inclusion, algorithmic decision-making, administrative accountability, and access to justice. The rule of law requires that governmental actions remain lawful, transparent, accountable, and subject to judicial oversight regardless of whether they are conducted through traditional or digital mechanisms. Consequently, digital governance must operate within a comprehensive legal framework that protects constitutional rights while encouraging technological innovation. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, big data analytics, and automated public administration further complicate legal regulation by introducing issues related to transparency, fairness, discrimination, and procedural due process.
Research Author· European Journal of Law, Int...· 0 citations
In resource-constrained institutional settings, privacy protection is being improvised by end users and administrators in the absence of formal governance, a pattern with implications for institutions well beyond the case examined here.
A. Asante, Kwaku Boamah, Ranjith Kumar Patil· International Journal of Sci...· 0 citations
Smart governance represents a modern approach to public administration that uses digital technologies, data-driven decision-making, and citizen-centric service models to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability. With the rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICT), governments are shifting from traditional bureaucratic systems to digitally transformed governance models that emphasize interoperability, inclusiveness, and responsiveness. Technologies such as e-governance platforms, mobile government services, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cloud computing are reshaping the government–citizen relationship. This study proposes an integrated policy framework for smart governance to ensure secure, accessible, and sustainable digital public service delivery. Using a multidisciplinary and mixed-method approach, including policy analysis, global case studies, and quantitative performance evaluation, the research examines factors such as interoperability, citizen engagement, institutional capacity, and regulatory compliance. The findings indicate that governments with integrated policy and strong technological governance achieve higher efficiency and greater public trust. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, digital illiteracy, and organizational resistance remain significant barriers. The study recommends strategic policy interventions and collaborative governance models to support sustainable digital transformation in public administration.
Jose Fernandez, M. González· International Journal of Eme...· 0 citations
The rapid expansion of digital governance has transformed the manner in which governments and private organizations collect, process, store, and share personal information. Digital technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, blockchain, and the Internet of Things have enhanced administrative efficiency, improved public service delivery, and promoted transparency. At the same time, these technological advancements have intensified concerns regarding data privacy, surveillance, unauthorized data processing, cybersecurity, and cross-border data transfers. Consequently, the protection of personal information has emerged as a significant legal and policy challenge across jurisdictions. This paper presents a comparative legal analysis of major data protection regimes, focusing on the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and selected international legal frameworks. It examines the fundamental principles governing personal data protection, including lawfulness, transparency, accountability, purpose limitation, data minimization, and individual rights. The study further explores the challenges posed by emerging technologies, governmental surveillance, algorithmic decision-making, and international data flows within the broader framework of digital governance. By critically comparing legislative approaches and regulatory mechanisms, the paper identifies best practices and existing legal gaps. It concludes that effective data governance requires harmonized legal standards, stronger institutional oversight, technological safeguards, and international cooperation to ensure that innovation and digital transformation are balanced with the protection of individual privacy and fundamental human rights.
Research Author· European Journal of Law, Int...· 0 citations
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