Histological Spectrum and Determinants of Survival in Malignant Mesothelioma: Multivariate Analysis from a Five-Year North Indian Tertiary Cancer Center Cohort
Findings underscore the importance of tumor biology over environmental factors in survival and highlight the need for early detection and novel therapeutic strategies in MM.
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the kidney and comprises diverse histological subtypes with varying biological behavior and prognosis. Histopathological evaluation remains the cornerstone for accurate diagnosis and prognostic assessment.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological spectrum of RCC and correlate its histological subtypes with clinicopathological parameters.
Materials and Methods: A combined prospective and retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 histopathologically confirmed cases of RCC. Relevant demographic and clinicopathological data were retrieved from medical records, and nephrectomy specimens were reviewed using routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Tumors were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, graded using the WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading, and staged using the tumor, nodes, and metastasis system. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.8±10.9 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) was the predominant subtype (65%), followed by papillary (22.5%), chromophobe (10%), and collecting duct carcinoma (2.5%). Most tumors were WHO/ISUP Grade II (45%) and stage I (45%). Higher nuclear grade and advanced pathological stage were observed in ccRCC. Tumor necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perinephric fat invasion were more frequently associated with high-grade tumors.
Conclusion: ccRCC was the most common morphological subtype and demonstrated a greater association with adverse pathological features. Histopathological assessment remains an indispensable and cost-effective tool for tumor classification and prognostic stratification. However, the relatively small sample size and single-center design limit the generalizability of the findings. Larger multicentric studies are warranted to validate these observations.
T. Saha· Asian Journal of Medical Sci...· 0 citations
Introduction: non-small cell lung cancer accounts for most lung cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although tumour-node-metastasis staging remains the cornerstone of prognostication, histological subtype and tumour differentiation may provide additional prognostic value, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where advanced molecular testing is limited. Evidence on these factors in Ethiopia is scarce. Methods: an institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 202 adult patients who received follow-up care at three specialised hospitals in Ethiopia between January 2020 and January 2025. Data were extracted from medical records and supplemented with telephone follow-up to ascertain survival outcomes. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to identify independent predictors of mortality, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: the median overall survival was 10 months. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had significantly better survival than those with non-squamous cell carcinoma (log-rank p = 0.020). Survival also differed significantly by histological differentiation (log-rank p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, advanced primary tumour stage, contralateral nodal involvement, distant metastasis, non-squamous histology, moderately or poorly differentiated /undifferentiated tumours, and poor performance status were independently associated with worse survival. Similarly, Patients aged 40-59 years and ≥ 60 years had significantly lower hazards of death compared with patients aged under 40 years. Conclusion: histological subtype and tumour differentiation are independent predictors of survival among NSCLC patients in Ethiopia, beyond conventional TNM staging. These findings provide context-specific evidence from an Ethiopian cohort, where advanced molecular profiling is limited, and highlight the prognostic value of routinely available histopathological features in guiding clinical decision-making in resource-constrained settings.
Binalfew Tsehay, M. Afework, Wondwossen Ergete et al.· The Pan African Medical Jour...· 0 citations
ABSTRACT Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Stage III, as defined by the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor, Node, and Metastasis (TNM) system, comprises a biologically heterogeneous group, resulting in clinicopathological variations that directly impact prognosis and therapeutic decisions. Aims: To evaluate the clinicopathological features, surgical morbidity and mortality, and overall survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated at a tertiary center, and to analyze prognostic differences among stage III subgroups. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients treated between 2008 and 2018. Demographic variables, tumor characteristics, TNM staging (8th edition), type of surgical procedure, complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and 30-day mortality were analyzed. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: This retrospective cohort study included patients treated between 2008 and 2018. We analyzed demographic variables, tumor characteristics, TNM staging (8th edition), type of surgical procedure, complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and 30-day mortality. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test, with a significance level of 5%. Conclusions: Stage III gastric adenocarcinoma demonstrates marked clinicopathological heterogeneity, which directly impacts morbidity, mortality, and survival. Lymph node involvement is a relevant prognostic determinant.
Mariana Freire Pinto, Paulo Kassab, O. Castro et al.· Arquivos brasileiros de ciru...· 0 citations
Introduction Tumour biology remains the key determinant of prognosis in appendiceal neoplasms. In this study, we analyse the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with appendiceal neoplasms treated at our institution, with particular emphasis on overall survival among different tumour types. Material and methods Patients with histologically confirmed appendiceal neoplasms treated between January 2021 and December 2025 were included. Clinical, pathological, treatment, and follow-up data were retrieved from medical records and institutional databases. Variables analysed included age, gender, histological subtype, disease stage, treatment modality, recurrence status, and survival outcomes. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) among treated appendiceal neoplasms with different tumor subtypes. A subgroup analysis was also performed to study the difference in treatment outcomes in patients with low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) and their overall survival. Results Among the 55 patients in our study, the following observations were made. The median age of patients at presentation was 54 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 46-61], with a slight female predominance, 30(54.5%). The majority of patients, 37 (67.3%), had LAMN, followed by eight (14.5%) with high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (HAMN), eight (14.5%) with adenocarcinoma, and two (3.6%) with signet ring adenocarcinoma. Many patients presented with advanced disease, with stage IV accounting for 53.7% of cases (22 out of 41 patients had stage 4 disease). Overall survival differed significantly by histopathology. Patients with LAMN histology had better survival compared with other histologic subtypes (log-rank p = 0.026). In Cox proportional hazards analysis, LAMN was also associated with a lower risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.24, p = 0.040]. Among patients with LAMN histology, overall survival did not differ significantly between those undergoing appendectomy alone and those undergoing other surgical procedures (log-rank p = 0.48). Both groups demonstrated high survival rates (> 85%) up to three years, with very few deaths observed. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that survival in treated appendiceal neoplasms is predominantly influenced by tumour biology, particularly histological risk group and metastatic status at presentation. Patients with low-grade mucinous neoplasms experienced relatively favourable outcomes, often surviving without recurrence, whereas high-risk histology variants were associated with poorer survival and increased incidence of peritoneal dissemination.
Nikhil Garg, Senthilkumar Moorthy, V. Warikoo et al.· Cureus· 0 citations
OBJECTIVES
Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors with heterogeneous behavior, making prognostic assessment challenging. Although generally indolent, a subset exhibits malignant potential, and robust prognostic determinants remain insufficiently defined. This study aimed to identify clinical and pathological factors independently associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with HNPGLs.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-based cohort study (1975-2021). Demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment variables were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, Cox regression models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-derived cutoffs.
RESULTS
Among 280 patients, most tumors originated in the carotid body (77.5%). In univariable analyses, extra-carotid location, tumor size ≥ 34.5 mm, absence of surgery, advanced stage, and older age were associated with poorer OS. In multivariable analysis, older age, advanced stage, and lack of surgery remained independently associated with reduced OS.
CONCLUSIONS
Age at diagnosis, disease stage, and surgical resection status were independently associated with OS, with stage emerging as the strongest determinant in HNPGLs. Associations involving tumor size and extra-carotid location should be interpreted as exploratory findings.
A. Carlini, Mirea Berti, Giuseppe Lamberti et al.· Annals of Otology, Rhinology...· 0 citations
Objectives To evaluate the histological subtypes, surgical margin status, and high-risk features of periocular basal cell carcinomas (BCC) excised over a one-year period at a secondary referral centre in England. Materials and Methods This retrospective audit included 100 consecutive periocular BCC excisions performed at James Paget University Hospital between August 2024 and August 2025. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were extracted from operative records and histopathology reports. Surgical margins were classified as complete (≥0.4 mm), close (0.1-0.3 mm), or incomplete (tumour present at the inked margin or <0.1 mm). Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association between infiltrative histological subtype and the presence of perineural invasion. Results Of the 100 patients included (58% male, 42% female; mean age 75.7 years), nodular BCC was the most common histological subtype (83%), followed by infiltrative (14%), superficial (2%), and basosquamous (1%) variants. Complete excision was achieved in 83% of cases, while close and incomplete margins were observed in 8% and 9% of excisions, respectively. Perineural invasion was identified in 2% of tumours, both of which demonstrated infiltrative histology. The infiltrative subtype showed a statistically significant association with perineural invasion (p=0.007). The majority of BCCs were located in the medial canthus (56%), an anatomically complex region associated with increased surgical difficulty and a higher risk of incomplete excision. Conclusion High rates of complete excision were achieved in this cohort of periocular BCCs. Infiltrative histological subtype was associated with an increased risk of perineural invasion and incomplete excision, particularly when located in the medial canthus. These findings support a risk-adapted surgical strategy as well as consideration of Mohs micrographic surgery for aggressive tumour subtypes and anatomically complex periocular locations.
H. J. Osagie, Radomir Babovic, Segun Awotesu et al.· Turkish journal of ophthalmo...· 0 citations
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