Inequality metrics showed that childhood KC mortality and DALYs were disproportionately concentrated in lower-SDI countries, and these disparities widened over time, yet the rising incidence in lower-income regions warrants attention.
Abstract
Background Childhood kidney cancer (KC), the third most prevalent pediatric solid malignancy, remains incompletely characterized in terms of epidemiological patterns and health inequities. This study aimed to analyze global trends, inequalities, and future burden of childhood KC from 1990 to 2021. Methods Data on incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of KC among children aged 0–14 years were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. Data from 1990 to 2021 were comprehensively analyzed by sex, location, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI), incorporating estimated annual percentage change, joinpoint regression, slope index of inequality and concentration index for inequality assessment, and Bayesian age-period-cohort forecasting. Results In 2021, there were 9,576 incident cases, 3,063 deaths, and 268,049 DALYs globally due to childhood KC, with corresponding age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) of 0.48, 0.15, and 13.32, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of childhood KC declined overall. Joinpoint regression identified a steeper decline in the most recent period, with the ASIR decreasing by 4.87% per year from 2018 to 2021 and the ASMR and ASDR decreasing by 5.12% and 5.23% per year, respectively, from 2019 to 2021. The decline in disease burden has been more pronounced in females than in males. The burden of childhood KC was mainly concentrated among children aged 0–4 years, whose age-specific incidence, mortality, and DALY rates were generally higher than those among children aged 5–9 years and 10–14 years. While no significant association was observed between SDI and ASIR, SDI exhibited a negative correlation with ASMR and ASDR. Inequality metrics showed that childhood KC mortality and DALYs were disproportionately concentrated in lower-SDI countries, and these disparities widened over time. Projections indicate continued declines in incidence and mortality for both sexes over the next 15 years. Conclusions Over the past three decades, the burden of childhood KC significantly reduced, yet the rising incidence in lower-income regions warrants attention. Health inequities, characterized by a disproportionate concentration of the disease burden in low-SDI countries, have intensified. Enhanced understanding of pediatric KC epidemiology may aid in its prevention and management.
Childhood leukemia remains a critical global public health challenge, contributing significantly to disability and premature mortality. Despite progress in healthcare, comprehensive estimates of its burden across geographic and sociodemographic strata remain essential for formulating evidence-based interventions. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases 2021, this cross-sectional study analyzed leukemia incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among children aged 0 to 14 across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Stratified analyses by region, nation, age, sex, leukemia type, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI) were conducted, with estimated annual percentage changes calculated to assess trends. In 2021, childhood leukemia caused 58,785 incident cases (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 43,200–73,139), 27,861 deaths, and 2,341,610 DALYs globally, corresponding to an incidence rate of 4.37 per 100,000 (95% UI, 3.51–5.46). From 1990 to 2021, global incidence and death rates declined by a total of 0.23% (95% UI, −0.44% to −0.11%) and 0.52% (95% UI, −0.64% to −0.35%), respectively. However, the low-SDI region exhibited rising incidence, mortality, and DALY rates. Australasia experienced the largest incidence increase (estimated annual percentage change: 0.67%, 95% confidence interval, 0.23%–1.11%). Nationally, San Marino reported the highest incidence (13.79 per 100,000; 95% UI, 8.03–21.07), while Tokelau had the highest mortality (7.92 per 100,000; 95% UI, 4.36–13.32) and DALY rates (116.39 per 100,000; 95% UI, 86.46–139.97). Despite global reductions in childhood leukemia burden over 3 decades, persistent disparities across SDI subgroups and regions underscore unmet needs in low-resource settings. Precision epidemiology and context-specific strategies are imperative to mitigate inequities and optimize prevention and care.
Kidney cancer is a growing public health concern. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, this study quantified its global burden from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to guide prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
The analysis of kidney cancer from 1990 to 2021 used GBD open data as a secondary dataset to examine global incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between age-standardized rates and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) globally and across 21 specific regions. A decomposition analysis was performed using data on aging, population dynamics, and epidemiological trends to identify factors contributing to changes in kidney-cancer DALYs and deaths from 1990 to 2021. Future projections for incidence, mortality, and DALYs were generated using the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model.
The findings indicate a notable 16% increase in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for kidney cancer. Conversely, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) decreased by approximately 4%. Additionally, there was an overall reduction of 11% in the age-standardized years of life lost (ASYR). Significant disparities in kidney cancer burden by sex and geographic location were identified. Increased body mass index and smoking were identified as the main contributors to kidney cancer. Population growth was found to play a role in the escalation of disease burden. The burden of kidney cancer is expected to diminish by 2036.
The ASIR of renal cancer increases while the ASDR and ASYR decrease. Promising indications suggest a future decrease in the burden associated with kidney cancer.
Xiaotong Wang, Shan Jing, Li Ma· Kidney Cancer· 0 citations
The study indicates that skin cancer remains an important public health issue worldwide and countries and regions should attach great importance to the prevention and treatment of skin cancers, and develop and improve preventive measures.
OBJECTIVE
Cervical cancer remains a critical global health threat. Despite its member states accounting for more than 85% of global gross domestic product (GDP), no comprehensive assessment of cervical cancer burden exists across the diverse Group of Twenty (G20) economies. This study aimed to characterize long-term cervical cancer burden trends and project future epidemiological trajectories among G20 reproductive-age females.
METHODS
Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we analyzed cervical cancer disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among females aged 15-49 years in G20 countries (1990-2021) via Joinpoint regression, health inequality indices, Das Gupta decomposition, and Bayesian age-period-cohort projection to 2035.
RESULTS
In 2021, cervical cancer generated 2.27 million DALYs among G20 reproductive-age females, with age-standardized rates ranging from 24.89 (Saudi Arabia) to 667.65 (South Africa) per 100,000. Overall rates declined (annual average percent change [AAPC]=-1.40%) (1990-2021), with China achieving a notable reduction (AAPC=-1.51%), but increased in Russia (AAPC=1.70%), Japan (AAPC=0.65%), Italy (AAPC=0.33%), and South Africa (AAPC=0.14%). Sociodemographic Index (SDI)-related inequality narrowed (1990: Slope Index of Inequality [SII]=-349.58, Concentration Index=-0.21; 2021: SII=-261.82, Concentration Index=-0.18), but persisted. Population growth (+23.99%) and age structure changes (+20.92%) drove DALY increases in the G20, offset by epidemiological improvements (-43.92%). Most G20 countries will see declining burden by 2035, while South Africa faces the largest increase.
CONCLUSION
Differentiated, evidence-based strategies tailored to national burden characteristics, addressing demographic shifts, key health system gaps, and human papillomavirus genotype disparities, are critically needed to successfully achieve the World Health Organization 2030 global cervical cancer elimination targets.
Xiang-Wen Li, Siyu Pan, Peng-Fei Qu et al.· Journal of Gynecologic Oncol...· 0 citations
OBJECTIVE
Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge among women in China. This study aimed to comprehensively assess long-term trends and future projections of cervical cancer burden in China.
METHODS
Data on cervical cancer in China from 1990 to 2023 were extracted from Global Burden of Disease Study2023. Prevalence, incidence, deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates (ASRs) were analyzed. Temporal trends were evaluated using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Joinpoint regression. Das Gupta decomposition quantified the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological change. Nordpred was used to project deaths and DALYs from 2024 to 2045.
RESULTS
From 1990 to 2023, prevalent cervical cancer cases increased from 445,795 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]=301,749-642,609) to 752,306 (95% UI=481,273 to 1,011,544). YLDs increased by 62%, whereas YLLs decreased by 4%. Overall DALYs decreased slightly from 1,457,115 (95% UI=1,070,025 to 2,064,940) to 1,430,054 (95% UI=896,628 to 1,874,757), while deaths increased by 16%. Age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) declined from 294.14 to 132.72 per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of -2.43 (95% confidence interval=-2.54 to -2.33). Decomposition showed that population aging and growth offset favorable epidemiological changes, and projections suggested continued declines in ASDR with relatively stable deaths through 2045.
CONCLUSION
Despite sustained declines in ASRs, the absolute burden of cervical cancer in China remains considerable due to demographic shifts. These findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen human papillomavirus vaccination coverage and expand equitable cervical cancer screening programs.
Chao Ma, P. Yin, Nan Hong· Journal of Gynecologic Oncol...· 0 citations
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