Skip to content
Log in
Sponsored AI Networking Cookbook: Practical recipes for AI-assisted network automation and development AI Networking Cookbook: Practical recipes for AI-assisted network automation and development

Similar papers

Review Aug 2026

Environmental occurrence, human exposure, toxicological effects, and management implications of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives.

A review of emission sources, multimedia fate, different exposure routes, mixture toxicity, and management limitations of PAH derivatives provides a basis for improving risk assessment and environmental management of PAH derivatives.

Cheng-Long Wu, Xian Zhou, Peng-Fei Li et al. · 0 citations
Review Aug 2026

Microplastics as a source of phthalate esters in water: A review on occurrence, release mechanism, and ecological risk assessment.

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized not only as persistent particulate pollutants but also as active sources and vectors of phthalate esters (PAEs) in aquatic environments. Because PAEs are physically incorporated rather than chemically bonded within polymer matrices, they can be progressively released through leaching, photooxidation, mechanical abrasion, and biological interactions. This review synthesizes current understanding of MP-mediated PAE release, their interactions with co-contaminants, and the implications for ecological exposure. Environmental aging enhances polymer fragmentation and surface oxidation, accelerating additive desorption and altering sorption behavior. Field evidence from major river systems shows that high-molecular-weight PAEs, particularly DEHP and DBP, frequently dominate contamination profiles and contribute most significantly to ecological risk, with cumulative risk quotients (∑RQ) reaching up to 59.22 in heavily impacted watersheds. Ingestion of MPs by aquatic organisms further promotes in situ chemical transfer under gastrointestinal conditions, increasing internal exposure beyond dissolved-phase concentrations alone. Moreover, MPs act as multi-contaminant platforms, facilitating the co-transport of PAEs with metals and hydrophobic organic pollutants, thereby intensifying mixture toxicity and trophic transfer. Collectively, these processes demonstrate that MP-associated PAE release represents a dynamic and sustained pathway of chemical pollution requiring integrated risk assessment and source-control strategies.

Retno Wulandari, Nurul Fahimah, Hanny Merinawati et al. · 0 citations
Review Open access Jul 2026

Plastic waste management and the emergence of microplastics as an integrated challenge involving sources exposure pathways health implications and circular solutions

Plastic pollution has emerged as a pervasive global environmental and public health challenge, affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems across all spatial scales. Macro-, micro-, and nanoplastics enter food webs through ingestion, inhalation, and trophic transfer, posing distinct yet interconnected toxicological and physiological risks to wildlife and livestock, while potential implications for human health are still being actively investigated. Macro plastics primarily cause physical injuries, gastrointestinal obstruction, starvation, and mortality in marine and terrestrial animals, while microplastics act as vectors for chemical additives and pathogens, inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiome disruption. Nanoplastics, due to their small size and high surface reactivity, exhibit enhanced bioavailability, enabling cellular uptake and translocation across biological barriers in experimental systems, with studies indicating potential genotoxic and endocrine-disrupting effects. However, evidence regarding long-term human health outcomes remains limited and is still emerging. This review synthesizes current evidence on exposure pathways, biological impacts, and ecosystem-level consequences of plastic pollution, highlighting critical knowledge gaps related to chronic toxicity, mixture effects, and long-term health outcomes. This review uniquely integrates waste management system failures, toxicological mechanisms, and circular economy interventions to provide a systems-level synthesis of plastic pollution pathways from production to health outcomes. We further examine mitigation strategies through a circular economy lens, emphasizing source reduction, product redesign, extended producer responsibility, improved waste management, and policy coherence across scales. Integrating technological innovation with governance, behavioral change, and stakeholder collaboration is essential to curb plastic leakage and prevent secondary micro- and nano plastic formation. Overall, addressing plastic pollution requires systemic, science-based interventions that link environmental protection with human health objectives. Such integrated approaches directly support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), 14 (Life Below Water), and 15 (Life on Land), reinforcing the urgency for coordinated global action.

Abhijeet Das, Satchidananda Mishra, Krishna Pada Bauri et al. · 1 citation
Review Aug 2026

From Environmental Fate to Ecological Risk: A Review of Nitenpyram's Behavior, Degradation Pathways, and Ecotoxicity Impacts

Nitenpyram (NIT), a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, has gained attention due to its extensive use in agriculture and veterinary medicine and frequent detection in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Although considered relatively short-lived, evidence suggests NIT exhibits complex environmental behavior and notable ecological risks under realistic exposure. This review provides a comprehensive integration of current knowledge on the physicochemical properties, environmental fate, degradation pathways, and ecotoxicological impacts of NIT. We summarize NIT’s sources and distribution in surface waters, sediments, soils, and biota, emphasizing its high water solubility, mobility, and continuous input via agricultural runoff and wastewater. Key abiotic and biotic degradation processes—including photolysis, hydrolysis, and microbial transformation—are evaluated, with focus on the formation and ecological relevance of transformation products. Toxicological evidence shows that NIT induces acute and chronic effects in aquatic invertebrates, fish, and non-target organisms through neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and behavioral changes, often at environmentally relevant concentrations. Major limitations in current risk assessments include overreliance on short-term endpoints, limited consideration of mixture effect, and neglect of transformation products and food web–mediated exposure. Future research should prioritize mechanism-informed toxicity assessment, realistic exposure scenarios, and integrated fate–effect modeling. Overall, NIT’s environmental risks are likely underestimated, highlighting the need for a holistic, ecosystem-relevant approach to pesticide risk assessment and management.

Yun-Xiu Zhao, Wen-Jing Li, Qiu-Tong Li et al. · 0 citations
Review Aug 2026

The vector effect of microplastics and nanoplastics: co-transport and ecological risks of chemical pollutants and antibiotic resistance genes in the soil-water continuum.

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) act as dynamic environmental vectors across the soil-water continuum, allowing them to enter organisms through direct ingestion, leading to potential tissue accumulation. Under specific exposure conditions, these vectors can undergo trophic transfer through food chains, contributing to combined toxicological risks. This paper reviews how the adsorption and co-transport behaviors of chemical pollutants by MPs and NPs are collectively regulated by the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the material and environmental weathering processes. The formation of the "plastisphere" on the surface of these particles provides a physical substrate that selectively enriches microbial communities and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Under specific combined chemical stresses, this localized enrichment can act as a precursor to facilitate the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), although the actual occurrence of HGT remains highly context-dependent. Additionally, MPs and NPs exacerbate their ecotoxicological impacts by operating via an "adsorption-ingestion-release" pathway within host gastrointestinal tracts, significantly influencing the dynamic bioavailability and combined toxicity (e.g., synergistic, antagonistic, or additive) of co-existing pollutants across multiple trophic levels. Given the numerous unresolved scientific challenges-such as the lack of standardized quantification methodologies for complex soil matrices and the poorly understood biomagnification of composite pollutant mixtures-there is a pressing need to promote further research through AI-driven coupled kinetic models and a comprehensive "One Health" risk assessment paradigm.

Jun-Yi Du, Jia Du, Linlin Qiu et al. · 0 citations
Review Open access Aug 2026

Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems: Health Impacts and Remediation Strategies: A Systematic Review

Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm that have become a growing environmental concern due to their persistence and widespread distribution. They originate from diverse sources, including laundry detergents, vehicle tires, cosmetic microbeads, and the degradation of larger plastics through ultraviolet radiation and saline exposure. This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines to summarize current knowledge on the environmental and human health effects of microplastics. A comprehensive literature search was performed in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, yielding 2694 initial records. After applying exclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 111 studies were selected for full reading, and 54 articles were ultimately included in the analysis. The results reveal that microplastics can absorb and release pollutants, leading to the contamination of water and soil and enabling them to enter the food chain, thereby posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. However, significant discrepancies were found among the databases regarding the amount and quality of available data, highlighting the need for standardized research approaches. In conclusion, understanding the sources, distribution, and impacts of microplastics is crucial to developing strategies to mitigate their release, and further research is essential to assess their long-term effects and to guide environmental policy.

Diana Aline Gomes, L. F. Cusioli, L. Nishi et al. · 0 citations

We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.