Predictors of Functional Recovery Following Bone Fractures: A Comparative Secondary Database Study.

Abstract

Background: Bone fractures are a major cause of morbidity, disability, and reduced quality of life worldwide. Although advances in surgical techniques and rehabilitation have improved fracture management, functional recovery remains highly variable among patients. Numerous patient-related, fracture-related, treatment-related, and psychosocial factors influence recovery, making early prognostication essential for individualized management and rehabilitation planning. While substantial evidence exists for specific fracture types, particularly hip fractures, a comprehensive synthesis of predictors of functional recovery across different anatomical sites is lacking. Objective: To comprehensively review the current evidence on predictors of functional recovery following bone fractures and to summarize patient-related, fracture-related, treatment-related, rehabilitation-related, and psychosocial factors associated with functional outcomes. Methods: A narrative review of the published literature was conducted using peer-reviewed articles indexed in major biomedical databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical practice guidelines, and observational studies evaluating predictors of functional recovery following bone fractures were considered. Studies involving adult patients with fractures of the upper limb, lower limb, pelvis, and vertebral column were reviewed. Evidence was synthesized according to major domains influencing recovery. Results: